"Why sailest west?" the watchers cry, "To reach the East," he makes reply. The anchor weighed, the canvas spread, The ship fares seaward, straight ahead, Till hull and topmast sink below The rimmed horizon's saffron glow.

"Alas! he saileth west," Love sighs. "To win the East," Hope quick replies. "The twilight lies that way," we said. "'Tis dawn," the pilgrim hailed, "instead!" Nor further parleyed, slacked, nor veered, But toward the chosen harbor steered, Through mist and midnight, unafraid, His course no storms nor surges stayed: Love saw the twilight coming on; Hope smiled and whispered: "Morning Dawn."

"You steer for sunset shores," we pled. "Nay; sunrise lures me on," he said. His calm, grave eyes with courage flamed That all our fond misgivings shamed, The while with eagerness he burned And o'er the waste of waters yearned. Love, dim-eyed, watched him from the shore; Hope joyed that morning lay before.

O brother brave and prophet wise, Thou sailor 'neath uncharted skies, For thee nor space, nor dawn, nor night Could swerve the needle point of right; Nor friends, nor home, nor native land Could duty's pilot wheel command, Love knows thy course was chosen true; Hope cheers that thou hast held it through.

Grief-dumb, we gaze as one that dreams Adown the sunset lane of beams. Aghast that darkness falls so soon, Like sudden midnight come at noon; When, lo, a signal flashes far, Beneath the calm of evening star, Of Harbor, Home, and Morning fair For storm-beat sailors anchored there: Whereat Love's muffled minor dies, And Hope, exultant, shouts: "Sunrise!" — In Nashville Christian Advocate.

【번역자 주】 Bishop Seth Vand는 당시 미국 남감리회의 주교로, 본 시는 그의 별세를 추모하여 W. W. Pinson이 쓴 것이다. 사망과 부활의 동방여행 비유로 그리스도교적 순례를 형상화한 추도시.

2. 목차 (CONTENTS)

Items of Interest Relating to Last Year's Work .................. 303

Notes and Personals ........................................... 304

A Letter from One of Our Future Missionaries of the Second Generation .... Foster M. Beck. 306

Report of Statistician of Presbyt. Church, N. .................. Rev. Wade Koons. 307

Report of an Address to the Presbyterian Mission on the Million Movement .... Rev. Wm. Blair, 310

Brief Notes on the Annual Meeting of Presbytery .... Rev. J. U. S. Toms and Rev. A. R. Ross. 311

Work in Syen Chyun for Girls and Young Women .... Mrs. Geo. McCune. 313

Woman's Work in Kangai .................. By Mrs. Herbert Blair. 314

Report of Woman's Bible Institute ............. Miss Margaret Best. 317

Characteristic Features and Problems of Women's Work in Syen Chyun .... Mrs. Whittemore. 321

Extracts from the Story of Recent Woman's Work in the Methodist Mission as told by Miss Frey, Miss Albertz, Mrs. Noble, Miss Estey, Miss Hillman, Miss Miller, Mrs. Sharpe ........ 324

The Need of Education for Poor Korean Girls .... Mrs. Underwood. 328

Wonsan Bible Conference ........................ Miss McGully. 330

Notes on the Presbyterian Annual Meeting at Pyeng An ..... Ed. 332

Notes on the Presbyterian Women's Meeting ............. 334

3. 인사 및 단평 (PERSONALS AND NOTES)

The Business Manager of the FIELD wishes to call the attention of friends and subscribers to the fact that we cannot supply any more copies of the Jan., Feb., and March issues of this paper, as there are no more on hand.

Mr. Reiner also asks that our Patrons will send him names of friends of Korean missions, or those who ought to become such in order that we may send them occasional copies of the paper.

After conference and correspondence with the railroad department, Dr. Underwood has succeeded in making arrangements that all who attend the Annual Meeting of Presbytery in [Pyeng Yang receive concessions].

Miss Katharine Wauphld and Miss Mottie M. Ivy both left Korea for the Edinburgh Conference in May.

Miss Best of Pyeng Yang started for America for a four months' rest, late in May.

Mr. and Mrs. Clark left for their furlough in America on June 15th.

On May the 22nd in the new Sai Mun An Presbyterian Church, Charles Pomeroy, the infant son of Rev. and Mrs. A. G. Welbon, was baptized by Rev. H. G. Underwood. Mr. and Mrs. Welbon have now removed to the new station at Antung, their loss will be greatly felt in Seoul, but we are rejoiced to know that such thoroughly efficient and indefatigable missionaries are going to take charge of the great opening field round Antung. Mr. Welbon is from Seattle, Mrs. Welbon from Santa Anna, Cal.

A letter from the Rev. C. G. Hounshell, S. M. E., now residing in Chattanooga, Tenn. closes as follows: "You will be delighted to know that Hon. T. H. Yun is captivating large audiences everywhere he goes. Houston Tex. has promised $15,000 to the Songdo School, also Birmingham Alabama $15,000. He has hardly had a moment's rest since he reached America, and will have to return to Korea to rest." We are still further rejoiced to learn from reliable sources, that Mr. Yun has already raised about $50,000 in the south for the S. Methodist mission. We wish to thank Mr. Hounshell and his friends for thirty subscriptions for the FIELD, and to suggest that this is one token of a live interest in God's work here, which will bear imitation among our friends generally. Mr. Hounshell's closing words were very precious, and we know they are true, "I know hearts in America, that pray daily prayer for the million souls in Korea."

A letter from Mrs. E. P. Peabody of Waycross, Ga. reached us just too late for the June issue, bearing the welcome news, that at the South Georgia M. E. Missionary Conference, held in Cuthbert, $10,000 was appropriated to build a memorial school and Home for Bible Women, in Songdo. Mrs. Peabody tells us that "the Conference Secretary had recommended that as all the money of this conference had for two years gone to Korea, work in some other field should now be taken up, but after hearing Mr. Cram and Miss Wagner — missionaries now at home on furlough — the word flew from mouth to mouth: 'No, the time is to die in Korea, we cannot leave that field yet.' Mr. Cram and Miss Wagner were besieged to know if there were any (?) pressing need of the Woman's Board. Miss Wagner had just received Miss Carroll's letter telling of her great desire for a Bible Woman's Home in Song Do, and so I verily believe in answer to the prayers of your missionaries the appropriation was made."

We congratulate the S. Methodists and the women of S. Georgia, and ourselves, and all Korea on this gift, and ask that all our readers will pray that God will make it a real blessing to the givers as well as to the Koreans. It is indeed no time to stop working and giving and praying for Korea. If ever she needed the steadfast faithful upholding of God and His people, it is now.

We wish to thank Mrs. Peabody and the ladies of South Georgia for twenty-two new subscriptions, some of these were for several years.

A letter was recently received from Mrs. Ernest Hall who with her husband was very recently a Presbyterian Missionary in Korea, both in Fusan and Seoul. Rev. Mr. Hall is now field Secretary for the Board on the Pacific coast, and they are residing in Berkeley, Cal. They of course are looking back longingly to Korea, and send heartiest greetings to old friends and fellow workers. They especially beg that Missionaries passing thro San Francisco will let them know of their presence. Their residence is 2643 Piedmont Ave., Berkeley, Cal. and Mr. Hall's office is 629 Pacific Building. He has a telephone and we earnestly hope passers thro will at least call him up.

Through our constant friend Mr. Geo. T. B. Davis, some friend of missions in England has offered to provide gospel posters for all Korea. These posters have four or five texts printed alternately in red and black, of course very large characters. The first is John III.16, and others are equally striking and effective. These are to be sent to all the stations, and thence through the whole country. Pray God's Spirit may use them greatly.

Simultaneously everywhere in Korea, leaders are talking of a Campaign, of revival meetings to be held in all large stations beginning with Seoul. Pray for it without ceasing.

The morning congregations are becoming so large at the S. Gate Church, Seoul (Presbyt.), that it has been found necessary to erect a tent to eke out room for the men.

On May 29th there were 280 present inside and outside around doors and windows, while the Church only holds 240. "A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation."

【번역자 주】 주요 인명·지명: Sai Mun An=새문안교회, Antung=안동(만주 단동 부근의 안동), Songdo=송도(개성), T. H. Yun=윤치호, Pyeng Yang=평양, S. Gate Church=남대문교회. 윤치호가 미국 남부 순방 중 송도 학교를 위해 $50,000을 모금한 사실은 한국기독교사 측면에서 중요한 사료적 가치를 지닌다.

4. 각 선교지부 소식 (NOTES FROM THE STATIONS)

During the last two weeks in May revival services were being held in Songdo, and up to the time of our going to press the names of 2,000 new believers had been registered. One of their methods has been to have Christians invite in, as many as possible of their unbelieving friends, to spend an evening in their homes, some one of the missionaries or leaders being then appointed to meet with them and present the gospel. This we should call the net method of fishing, and it has proved very effective in Songdo.

Mr. Wasson writes:—The year 1909-10 has been one of gratifying progress for the Anglo-Korean School. The present enrollment is three hundred and thirty.

The closing exercises were held June the 10th. Forty students from the Lower School, and ten students from the High School were graduated.

The good effects of a revival conducted by Dr. R. A. Hardie last Fall have been with us during the year. Just now the advanced students are using their out of school hours in a vigorous and effective campaign of personal work and house to house preaching.

CHUNG CHONG PROV., CHONG JU. Mr. F. S. Miller sends the following:—The past months have brought us several special tokens of the Father's goodness and faithfulness — one was the Men's Class, held in Jan. Of course we do not have the large classes here yet, that they have in the older work, but this class of one hundred and fifteen was a big one for our age.

We held an examination for entrance to the higher class, and seventeen entered. Some had already read commentaries and were full of questions on Romans — which we were studying — deep intelligent questions. Sometimes as we read the mysteries of foreknowledge and sovereign care, a member would say under his breath "Chota" (good). His neighbor would say "Does that make you feel comfortable?" "Yes, it is shewonhow" (refreshing). I never saw any group of Christians joy and rejoice more in the eighth chapter of Romans than they did.

As the end of the class approached, we still had seven chapters to study, and they decided to stay after the class and finish the book. On Sabbath morning we began studying at seven thirty — half an hour late on account of a blizzard — and worked until church time, and then after the afternoon service until dark. On Monday we finished by studying six hours and the men went home taking full notes for home study.

The lower class studied a Gospel and Outlines of Christian Teaching. A spiritual conference was held each afternoon, discussing such subjects as confession, cleansing, the fullness of the Spirit, sins against the Spirit, etc. During the practical conferences in the evenings such subjects as: the care of the family, cleanliness, giving, preaching, Etc. were discussed. One of the results of the conference on preaching, was seven hundred and sixty days of preaching volunteered. The discussion of self-support in the matter of the helper's salaries, brought a number of new groups to a desire to do their share. After a discussion of the confessing of our sins, a number proceeded to put it into practice, and one man called on the pastor in the evening to enquire how he could best restore a load of wood he had stolen a year or so ago.

Mr. Kagin and Mr. Cook taught a singing class and led the evening conferences.

These classes emphasize our need of the Bible Institute Buildings for our class work. It is ruinous to eyes and lungs, to study and teach in dark cramped quarters, breathing foul air, or sitting in the draft with the door open in cold winter weather. We need two such Class buildings very much — one for women and one for men. Each will contain five rooms, and as a building will cost seven hundred dollars, a room will cost one hundred and forty dollars. Thus some givers who could not pay for a building could pay for a room, and five $100 subscriptions would pay for a building. We would then have light, airy places for our classes. A hundred dollars NOW in the Lord's work is worth two hundred, several years hence.

We are not seeking endowment for the future, we are seeking necessary expense for to-day.

At the winter Bible conference Colporteur Kim was speaking of our need of the Holy Spirit. "It is impossible," he said "for us to repent without the Holy Spirit. Right here in this town I know a gambler who lost all he had and to break himself of gambling he cut off the thumb with which he drew out his cards. With his hand tied up he hung around the gambling rooms watching the others. By the time he had the bandage off, he was sitting among his old friends drawing out his cards with his first and second fingers. That was because he had not believed and received the Holy Spirit. When the Spirit is in a man's heart the Evil Spirit opens the door of his heart a little crack, looks in, sees the Holy Spirit and runs away as fast as he can."

Mrs. Chi was being examined for the catechumenate. "Have you had any evidence of the grace of God?" Helper Yi asked. "Yes, as I am childless, I used to hate every one in our household, because I thought they were all Mu-cha-kweshin (evil spirits causing childlessness). But then I believed I learned that all such things are allowed of God, and now I yield to his will, love all the household and my heart is at peace."

Recent accessions to Chong Ju City Church by baptism: thirty-one, by catechumenate, about fifty-five. Special efforts have been made to reach the large numbers of women who have been coming daily to our homes during these past weeks: many have come in from villages two and three days' distant from Chong Ju.

In the less evangelized sections special effort has been made to reach every village with the gospel. Also during the busy farming season attention is being given especially to the Magistracies and large markets. In this section over one hundred thousand sheet tracts have been used in the past four months. At the time of the Men's Class on a large market day thirteen thousand were distributed by members of the Class.

The special copies of Mark have been widely used — Koreans willingly paying for them: few have been given away. An ex-gold miner has been visiting the gold washing centers where he has been holding meetings large companies, for seed sowing.

In one large village the church building was seriously injured by a flood, and the result was, later a new building with debt on it. A meeting of the Christians was called by the Korean Leader who told them he and his wife had collected all they could for the debt, and that the Christians must take it up: as no one seemed disposed to do so, an old widow woman, about eighty years old, told them if they did not do it she would: and taking a bag, she visited the Christian homes and collected sufficient rice and paid the debt. Their Boys' School, and their portion of their evangelist's salary was requiring all of their regular contributions.

One quiet retiring young woman has learned to read well, and is gaining a knowledge of the Bible in the face of vigilant persecution by her husband, who forbids her reading the Bible, praying, keeping the Sabbath or attending any services. She receives many a blow from him, because of her faith.

TAIKU. From Rev. E. F. McFarland comes the following: A great revival in preaching has taken place, and the word is being received everywhere in the province with greater interest. I hope it will be a year of great blessing to our work. Of course this new zeal in preaching has stirred up the devil and persecution that we heard little of last year, is showing itself as in the earlier days of our work. One man would not allow any one in his village to receive a tract from the colporteur or buy a book so opposed was he to the doctrine. One old woman said it hurt her ears to listen to such preaching. We are delighted tho with the new spirit in preaching every where.

ANDONG. At the recent Men's Class held by Mr. Kerr and Mr. Crothers at "li 70" above An Dong, 1,200 copies of Mark's Gospel were sold. Mr. Welbon spent Sunday with them and held three services, each two hours long. The people have erected their own church, a 12 kan building but fully five hundred people attended, so after the morning service women only filled the Church and the men of the congregation were seated on mats in the courtyard and porch.

And this was a Sunday in March weather! But the words of the Gospel come as precious pearls to these far away Christians and the "old, old story" is very new and sweet to them.

Think of them now and then dear friends at home when the minister's 30 minute sermon seems too long, you never saw happier nor more wide-awake Christians any where.

An Dong station is certainly grateful for the "two months' loan" of Mr. Kerr of Cha Ryung.

At the Leader's training class held by Mr. Welbon where twenty-five Christian groups were represented 400 copies of Mark's Gospel were sold.

PYENG YANG. Miss Campbell, Presbyt. writes from Pyeng Yang:—The April attendance at the Hospital Dispensary, including 236 relatives or friends with those sick, was 1,419 which is about the usual number. Among the patients was one totally blind, restored to sight by the removal of cataracts. Several very severe cases of fever, One of these was an academy girl, and one a theological student. All recovered.

During the absence of Dr. and Mrs. Wells, for two weeks, Dr. Fallwell very kindly looked after the Hospital.

Miss Plummer spent ten days at An Ju, where she found much interest in church work. It gave her great pleasure to teach the women several new songs, although she has been only 5 months in Korea.

Miss Best reports fifty women in attendance Bible Institute from Kang Kei, Syen Chun, Chong Ju, Chairyung, Pyeng Yang.

Mr. and Mrs. Holdcroft made a trip to the country for two weeks and were greatly interested in the forceful way in which the Koreans are praying for the million souls.

Mrs. Mowry was brave enough to go to the country for ten days, alone, which was greatly appreciated by the women. She has been only six months on the field. Mr. Mowry spent one month with the people at one of his churches. The children especially were greatly benefitted by his talks and companionship.

The Hospital Force have had some interesting tracts printed, which show they are thoroughly interested in winning souls for Christ. This is such a grand work and I am so glad to be here this year.

SEOUL. Mrs. Campbell (S. M. E.) has sent the following: Seven of Pai Wha Hak Tang's pupils received their graduation papers from the school on Thursday evening last, May 26, the exercises being held in the new church in Chakol in the presence of a large audience. Mrs. Hugh Miller's services so kindly given in the training of the singing class for the occasion, were fully appreciated that evening as the songs were well rendered.

We regretted exceedingly the absence of Hon. Yu Yong Chick, President of the Board of Education and Hon. Yu Sung Chun, both being absent from the city for two weeks. Cho Hori-Yum a student of the Presbyterian Academy spoke to the class in behalf of the people, and his remarks were greatly appreciated. The following is a program of the exercises:

Chairman — Rev. J. L. Gerdine. Chorus — High School pupils. Invocation — Pastor Chung. Music — Kim Oksoonie. Address of Welcome — Dr. R. A. Hardie. Queen's Message — Hon. Yun Chi-O. History of Class — Mrs. J. P. Campbell. Presentation of certificates. Music — An Yujenic. Address — Rev. A. W. Wasson. Music — Pak Killsoonie. Advice to Class — I. Chung Hyuk. Salutatory — An Yong Die. Music — Miss E. Lowe. Valedictory — Kwon Clarisse. Class Song. Benediction.

On Sunday afternoon May 15th at 2.30, the dedication of the new and commodious Methodist church at Tong Tai Mun — big East Gate — took place. The building was filled with about 1,000 Koreans, and a number of missionaries were present to rejoice with the pastor and people on this happy occasion. We had been promised a report from headquarters which has not materialized, and regret that we have no more details to present, but we can at least give an outline of the program.

Dr. Noble of Pyeng Yang was in charge of the services, Old Testament Scriptures were read by Pastor Kim of Pyeng Yang, New Testament Scriptures were read by Pastor Choi of Chung Dong M.E. Church. An address was made by Bishop Harris, followed by congratulatory remarks by Revs. Underwood and Gerdine, of the Presbyterian and Meth. missions. The stewards in conformity with the ritual of the M. E. Church then presented the church to the bishop, who in turn dedicated it to the service of God. The clerk of the Conference then presented three young missionaries for ordination as Elders, Messrs. T. T. O. Williams, H. R. Lawton and H. C. Taylor. After they had been duly ordained by the Bishop, assisted by other ministers present, the benediction was pronounced by Dr. H. G. Underwood.

Rev. D. L. Bunker and his people have been working heroically this year, and are to be congratulated upon the phenomenal growth they have been permitted to see. As we have heard of the great blessings poured upon other stations, we have often offered the plea "bless me also, oh my Father!" Poor Seoul, sunk in the political corruption of ages, with every influence that makes for evil and demoralization combined against her, the center of every political and military cyclone which has devastated the country periodically, has been weaker than as the country stations had. But the weakness of Seoul has been stronger than men, and God is blessing Seoul too; and He has rich gifts still for her. What this East Gate church and others have received this winter, is but a foretaste of what is still to follow.

【번역자 주】 주요 지명·인명: Songdo=송도(개성), Chong Ju=청주, Taiku=대구, An Dong=안동, Pyeng Yang=평양, Seoul=서울, Sai Mun An=새문안, Tong Tai Mun=동대문, Chakol=자하동(자골), Pai Wha=배화학당. Yun Chi-O=윤치오. Mu-cha-kweshin은 "무자귀신(無子鬼神)" — 자녀가 없게 만드는 잡귀로 한국 민간 신앙의 일면을 보여준다. 청주 사경회에서 "shewonhow"는 "시원하다"의 음역이다.

5. 한국 연회 제3차 회의 (THE THIRD MEETING OF THE KOREA ANNUAL CONFERENCE, M.E.) — W. Carl Rufus

One of the most noticeable features of the Conference this Spring was the spirit manifested in the actions taken, designed to bring the Mission into a closer and more vital relationship with the other Evangelical Missions in Korea. To illustrate this we need only mention the following:

1. The Christian Educational Association of Korea was recognized by adopting its findings as a basis for discussion and adoption of curricula for Mission schools.

2. The Mission approves of the plan for a Union Christian College in Seoul.

3. Concerning the proposed Educational Foundation for Korea, it was the prevailing opinion of the Mission that such an important matter should come before the General Council of Evangelical Missions in authority. Accordingly the Educational Committee was given to represent the Mission in this matter at the time of the meeting of the General Council.

4. Recommendations from the Committee on Temperance and Social Reform on the questions of marriage and the Opium habit were committed to special representatives to present to the General Council to insure uniformity of action.

5. In order to prepare the way for uniformity in the admission of members to the Korean church, the Conference expressed its desire that pastors should unite the two ritualistic services of baptism of adults and of admission into full membership whenever it is practicable so to do.

Among special features of the appointments, were the selection of the first native District Superintendent, Kim Chang Sik and the appointment of a missionary from Korea to China, Son Chun Do, a graduate of the Pyeng Yang Union Academy.

As the first meeting was held in 1885, this is the 26th Annual Meeting of the Mission. It is the third meeting of the Korea Annual Conference.

Word has been received that money is in hand for the construction of buildings for the Theological Institute in union with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The selection of the site has been committed to representatives of the two societies who will be present at the Missionary Convention in Edinburgh.

Memorial exercises were held for Mrs. Flora Best Harris, wife of Bishop Harris, Mrs. M. F. Scranton, one of the pioneer missionaries to Korea, Mrs. S. A. Beck, Miss Josephine O. Payne, and Dr. Esther Kim Pak, first graduate lady physician among the Korean people, all of whom have been called from us during the past year.

Mr. Rufus only at the very urgent request of the editor consented to give us this brief outline, as the official report was not at hand up to going to press, but we are immensely grateful that our friends both in home lands and Korea have not been compelled to wait another month for all this grand good news.

Two or three of these items are most important, and are epochal, and are all as Mr. Rufus says tending along the line of Union. The whole conference is a symphony of Love and Union, and means far greater things in the future than we have done in the past. The Union Christian College, and the Educational Foundation are a long step ahead, the new suggestions with regard to Baptisms will break away a great barrier. Another action taken, we believe, by the Women's Conference, leaving the way free for a Union girls' school in Pyeng Yang, so fervently desired by all, is a matter for general praise and thanksgiving. Indeed it seems evident that our two dear missions are moving on in the spirit of our Lord to perfect harmony of method and work, to show the world how brethren can dwell together in unity, and what God can accomplish thro them when they do. The appointment of a missionary to China is another great cause of congratulation. We shall all thank God and take courage for this memorable annual meeting.

The following items are quoted from the statistical sheet of the Methodist Mission thanks to the courtesy of Mr. Rufus. The new believers of 1910 are probably not enrolled as yet or included in any of the statistics. — Members: 15,134; Probationers: [—]; Other adherents: 122,857; Total adherents: 137,904; Schools: 165; Churches: 6,611; Districts: 359; Missionaries: men 20, wives 16, single women 18, total 54.

【번역자 주】 Pyeng Yang Union Academy=평양연합학원(숭실학교 전신/평양일대 연합남학교). Son Chun Do=손정도 — 후일 대한민국 임시의정원 의장 역임한 인물의 동명이인 가능성. Esther Kim Pak=박에스더(김점동, 1877-1910). Flora Best Harris=감리회 메리 해리스 감독의 부인.

6. 한국 산업교육의 몇 가지 문제 (SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION IN KOREA) — Frank M. Brockman

A PARTIAL REPORT OF A LECTURE DELIVERED BEFORE THE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY IN SEOUL — FRANK M. BROCKMAN.

After a brief introduction the speaker continued as follows: The industrial needs of Korea are clearly shown in the customs report of 1908 — of 14,000,000 yen export against 41,000,000 yen import, and especially in the fact that these exports include not one principal article of a manufactured product. Yet centuries ago, Korea is said to have reached an advanced stage in various arts and industries. The relics that we see in the museum, her silk, and some of her other arts show that she had had native ability along these lines. To-day, however, she is on the lowest economical scale, being neither a mercantile nor industrial country but purely an agricultural one. Her export trade consists mainly of agricultural products; viz., beans, rice, ginseng, cow-hides, and live stock. Her minerals come next, showing that she has abundant gold both in vein and placer. Her marine products and manufactured goods cannot be considered as an appreciative feature of her trade. A careful study that we made of the industrial situation in Seoul, showed the fact that there were few Korean workers skilled in occidental trades. Most of the foreign buildings work is performed by Chinese or Japanese. It is true a few textiles are woven in the homes, and rice is family ground, likewise a little tanning of hides and curing of sheep skins is carried on in the home. The shoes made here are only adapted to the Koreans. In brief it may be said that there is no manufacturing in Korea, only a few handicrafts. A careful research into these has brought the following summary. There is nothing in the industrial life of the country that is worthy of the name; no factories, no mills, only a few small handicrafts. These establishments are both factory, and wholesale and retail concerns combined. Each one is trying to eke out a scanty livelihood; working under conditions unbearable to those who know better, with the poorest kinds of tools, yet under these conditions turning out a surprising amount of useful product.

The most lamentable fact is, the result of their labors no longer satisfies the fancy of their own people; and wherever their goods stand in competition with the goods made abroad the Korean sees his own thrown aside. In the disadvantage arising from this sad case we may find the hope of the future.

Booker T. Washington has said, "what makes a nation or a race is not the material but the spiritual surrounding conditions." The truth is forced upon us as it was upon him, that these people need not only book learning, but a knowledge of how to live, how to cultivate the soil, to husband their resources, to buy land, build houses and make the most of their industrial opportunities. We feel that one of the greatest contributions the Y.M.C.A. in Seoul has yet been able to make toward this problem, has been to modify the ideals of many Koreans in regard to industry: mainly thro the public platform lectures, regarding the Dignity of Labor, the Physical Development of Manhood, the Value of Money and Time, Methods in the Modern Business World, Biographical Lectures on the Lives of Successful Business Men, Exposition of the Economic, Sanitary, Philanthropic, Social, Industrial Educational and Religious Conditions in Occidental Countries, supplemented by the use of the stereoptican.

There are at least five possible ideals that we might adopt in our industrial work, each separate and distinct from the other. FIRST — Establishing Industrial Departments in Connection with Our Schools In Order That The Poor But Deserving Student May Earn His Education In Whole or In Part. SECOND — An Ideal Distinct From The Above Is That Of Hand Or Manual Training. THIRD — Another Ideal Is That Of The Beginning Of Technical School. FOURTH — A Fourth Method Is That Of The Trade School. FIFTH — Another Feature of Industrial Education That The Associations in the West Are Being Called On To Undertake And That May Be Successful To Us Is The Apprentice School.

The straw shoe of the Korean is sure to be displaced by one of leather; and the Korean shoe-maker, who can make good leather shoes will be kept busy. And if he knows how to tan the hides that are now being shipped out of the country his fortune is assured. The clock has come to stay, so has the watch to supply the people with time-pieces and to keep these in order will demand an army of men. The photographic craze is catching the Koreans and the family portrait may someday take the place of the ancestral tablet. Our experience this year with a class in photography where the students have been willing to pay 30 yen for a three months' course illustrates how anxious they are to learn this trade.

It takes no dreamer of dreams, but only a student of modern Japan, to see that in a few years, our mountain streams will be harnessed and producing electricity to do the work of transportation and manufacturing. This will demand trained men. There can be no industrial progress without the blacksmith and the mechanic. When one realizes that the present policy of the government contemplates an expenditure of 30,000,000 yen in the next 10 years on railroads alone, the need and opportunity of the machinist is seen. The widening of the cow-paths into roads, makes necessary the work of the wheel-wright. The new water-works in Seoul, Chemulpo, and Pyeng Yang is only a foretaste of what a land of milk and honey this is to be for the plumber. If cleanliness is next to godliness certainly here is a possible field for the church school.

Similar relationships might be established with various large enterprises that are being undertaken here in Korea. It has been suggested that we open up such a work at the Unsan Gold Mine, and also attempt to train men in English and Japanese Languages for the work of guides and baggage men on the railroads of Korea.

I have confined my remarks entirely to the industrial education of men, not that the industrial education of women has been over-looked, but I feel that it would demand another paper.

【번역자 주】 Frank M. Brockman은 서울 YMCA에서 사역한 미국 YMCA 국제선교부 간사. 운산 금광(Unsan Gold Mine)은 평안북도 운산에 있던 미국 자본 금광이다. 이 강연은 한국 근대 산업교육의 청사진으로 사료적 의의가 있다.

7. 김창식 목사 약전 (REV. KIM CHANG SIK, M.E.) — C. D. Morris

Kim Chang Sik sprang from the rugged stock which inhabits the mountains of the Whang Hai Province, and when a young man, he went up to Seoul where he secured employment of a very menial character. In his youth he had no educational advantages and was consequently very ignorant. While employed as a gateman by the Rev. F. Ohlinger, he became a Christian, and was encouraged by him to study. Not knowing a single character, progress was at first very slow, but by perseverance he gradually laid the foundation of that intellectual development which has placed him in the front ranks of our Korean ministry. When the sainted Doctor W. J. Hall was appointed as pioneer to open Pyeng Yang Mr. Kim was his assistant, and rendered noble service. During the persecution in 1894, that so well remembered by all the old missionaries, Dr. Hall wrote Mr. Kim "was imprisoned, had his feet wedged in stocks for two days and nights, was stoned and almost beaten to death, but would not give up Christ". When Dr. Hall was ordered by his Consul to bring his family back to Seoul Mr. Kim held the little flock together, and during the Chinese-Japanese war cared for our mission property. After Dr. Hall's death he remained in charge of the Pyeng Yang work, and during the many appointments he has held since that time he has always proved himself to be a faithful servant of Christ. There is no difficulty that will deter him from doing his duty, and his absolute devotion to the highest ideals makes him, with his large stock of common sense, an invaluable worker. In May, 1901, Bishop Moore ordained him a local deacon, the first native of Korea to be ordained to the ministry. Later he was received on probation, and in March, 1908, he was received into full membership in our Korea (M.E.) Annual Conference and ordained elder by Bishop Harris, the first of a stalwart host of Korean brethren who are now taking their places with us in our Annual Conference.

We can wish nothing better for the Korean Church, than that Kim Chang Sik may be a type of her ministry whom God will raise up during the coming years.

Mr. Morris notified us some time later that Mr. Kim was appointed district superintendent of West Pyeng Yang District, at the recent annual conference, thus being in charge of 6,000 adherents of the Northern Methodist church, in a territory containing 80,005 souls for which that church alone is responsible. "He is the first of our Korean ministers to receive such an appointment and we are sure that he will prove eminently successful in his responsible position," says our correspondent.

【번역자 주】 김창식(金昌植, 1857-1929) — 한국 최초의 감리교 목사. 황해도 수안 출신. 윌리엄 J. 홀(Hall) 의사를 도와 평양 선교를 개척했고, 1901년 무어 감독에게서 지방 집사 안수, 1908년 해리스 감독에게서 장로 안수를 받았다. 1894년 평양박해 사건 때 차꼬에 갇히고 돌팔매를 맞은 일화는 한국 감리교사의 표지적 순교 직전 사건이다.

8. 그리스도의 능력의 증명 (THE POWER OF CHRIST DEMONSTRATED) — Rev. Wade Koons

In the Winter of 1906-'07 the churches in Korea were the scene of a remarkable "Revival." It took the form of an awakening among the Christians, rather than an increase in the number of those who were giving up their former heathen practices and coming into the Church. Prayer-Meetings were held night after night, and many of the older members made public confession of grave faults and grievous sins. Many of these ante-dated the conversion of the perpetrators, and others were pride or anger or jealousy, which they would not have considered at all culpable in former days.

Many of the men who made these confessions had to sell their houses or other property to make restitution for wrongs that would never have been laid at their door but for these voluntary confessions, and more than one unbeliever was astonished to find himself the richer by several hundred dollars, the long-delayed results of some transaction of former years.

At the Presbyterian church in Chung Wha, a large town 15 miles south of Pyeng Yang, there was a young man named Yi, who had for several years been a respected resident of the place, and had joined the Church some months before the revival began. No one knew much about him, and there was nothing against him, beyond the fact that he was a comparative stranger.

One night he rose at the meeting and made a confession substantially as follows:—"Before I came here to live I had been the worst kind of a profligate, and after wasting all my own property, I turned to highway robbery as a way to eat and live. In a robber raid I killed a man of such and such a village so many years ago". Naturally the village was much excited over the matter, and the news travelled as news can in the East, which had a "wireless telegraph" ages before Marconi was born.

The Police-men at Whang Ju, the nearest City, thought they saw a chance to turn a penny for themselves, so came and arrested the young man, who disappointed them by saying philosophically "If I am to go to prison, prison is for me," so in a little while they turned him loose in disgust. So much for the Korean Police, but it was not long till the Japanese Police heard of the matter, and Yi was informed (wireless again) that they were coming for him, and this time all his friends advised him to run away, but he refused to go, insisting that he had no other "mind" than to take whatever punishment was coming to him, and in a little while he found himself in the "Ka Mak So" or common prison at Hai Ju, sentenced for 15 years.

A Korean prison is worse than the Occidental pictures of the infernal regions. An English Correspondent says (The Unveiled East p. 73) of a Korean Prison "The place was the nearest approach to hell I have ever seen." For most men a sentence like this would be reason enough for black despair, if not for suicide.

But Mr. Yi found that the Gospel that had prompted the confession that brought him there, had power enough to comfort him, and while his old mother, who had followed him all the way from home, was managing, by day labour when she could get work, and by begging when there was no way to earn a little money, to get food enough for her son and herself (for the prisoners must be fed by their friends or starve) he was preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the mixed and ever-changing population of the jail, and like another prisoner "his bonds became manifest" through the whole Province.

His case was finally taken up by some of his friends among the leading men of the Church, both Americans and Koreans. A petition stating the facts in the case, and emphasizing the voluntary nature of the confession, as well as the prisoner's good conduct in jail, was drawn up, and after it had been signed by those who were in a position to know about the matter, was presented to Chief Justice Watanabe, the head of the Japanese judiciary in Korea, who is himself an Elder in the Presbyterian Church. He made a careful investigation, which resulted in Mr. Yi being pardoned. He told some friends that even after he had been out of the jail for a week, he could not believe that it was not a dream, and that he would not soon awake to find himself again a prisoner.

This incident shows something of the real power of Christ in Korea, for it is only one of many of similar import, all earthly considerations and values set aside for the obedience of Christ. It proves too that Korea has to congratulate herself in the aquisition of a man like Judge Watanabe, who is making himself admired and respected by all nationalities in the country, although he has been here but so short a time.

【번역자 주】 Watanabe 판사 = 와타나베 도오루(渡部暢, 또는 일본 통감부 사법장관 와타나베). 1907 평양 부흥의 자발적 죄 고백 현상이 사법적·민사적 배상으로 이어진 사례. Chung Wha=중화군(평안남도). Whang Ju=황주. Hai Ju=해주. Ka Mak So=감옥소.

9. 새 신자에 관한 문제 (THE PROBLEM CONCERNING NEW BELIEVERS) — L. H. U. (Editor)

The necessity for a careful watch over the crowds of new believers cannot be emphasized too strongly. As has been often noted — but not half often enough — the new believer who has been bred in the midst of the darkness of heathenism, not merely without gospel light, but without even that reflected light which shines nearly everywhere in Christian lands, where even the non-Christian community feel the force of, and conform continually, every hour in the day to Christian sentiment, and where the moral atmosphere is redolent of the perfume of Christian thought, these new believers must not for one moment be thought of as being like those new believers in America or England. They have no Christian memories, no knowledge but the crudest, of holy things, no words even capable of expressing some spiritual truths, and have behind them only the blackness of heathenism, cruel tyrannical superstition, images of the unholy and unclean.

Many of them therefore even when they have begun to lay hold on Christ have only dark, narrow, earthly ideas of things spiritual. Most come seeking an earthly sort of Heaven, and relief from present burdens, the cure of their sickness, the driving out of their devils, national independence, and so, with perhaps one or another low hope, many of them are willing to put away the old gods, who after all have proved failures, and worship only the great Ruler of Heaven, whom their nation has for ages put before all others. Within the past three or four years, especially in certain localities, many approached Christianity with a distinct idea of getting a national blessing. It was a wonderful opportunity for the church! Most of this class could not, of course, be called "converted," few of them had at first experienced anything that could be called a change of heart, and when after attending service a few times, they found their circumstances unchanged, saw no particular blessing coming their way, which they could handle or eat, but on the contrary persecution, opposition and cross bearing, the natural tendency would be for them to fall away. It must be remembered, that we are speaking now, only of a certain class of new comers, who have never been enrolled even as adherents, but who have, nevertheless come within our touch and influence, even tho for but a few days or weeks.

In well manned, well managed stations, the watchful missionaries have regular meetings for the care and instruction of these embryo Christians. Often there are a number of small meetings held simultaneously in various neighborhoods, where they are taught the outlines of Christian doctrine, and hymns, and are brought into close, vital, loving touch, with red hot Christians. Here they begin to perceive a mysterious and beautiful grace possessed by these men and women, a glorious hope, and a rare peace. They learn to pray, and at length they gain a vision of Jesus, even tho thro a glass darkly, and begin to feed on Him. Then for the first are they believers in the true sense of the term. Before that they were only believer material.

We have been much touched to see the way in which some of the Christian women mother their new converts. Having won their consent to come to church and declare for Christ, they never neglect them for a day. They call at their homes and bring them to church, some of the most faithful workers will come in with quite a little flock in their wake, their faces beaming with joy and pride. They show them where to sit, dispose of their shoes and coats, in a safe place, and hunt up the hymns and chapters for them, and after service introduce them with delight to the missionary. Then they plan for a pleasant Sunday afternoon together, talking about the faith, praying and singing.

But it is not this way everywhere. In little remote country groups, seen but seldom by the missionary, and in small new, inadequately manned stations, where nearly all the missionaries are travelling rapidly from group to group, most of the time, so that they have neither time nor opportunity to superintend details, this class are likely to be more or less neglected, and it is here that fallings away are liable to occur. Only recently, we sounded the warning note, referring to just such a probability where large numbers were coming in, with too few missionaries to care for them, and the ink was hardly dry before we received word from just such a station, that not more than 20 per cent of the new converts of a year before were attending church, at this time; four-fifths had fallen away!

But what are we to do about conditions like these? In this particular station, which is responsible for one of the largest and richest fields, two of its five workers have been away months helping out in other stations desperately needy. A third is an overworked doctor, another has been away two months teaching in the theological seminary, and this leaves only one evangelistic male missionary, for the entire working season, where two were not enough. Is it strange if many new comers of the questionable kind fall away under such conditions? Yet an American lady asked what we did with "so many missionaries"! Is it not plain enough that the fault lies largely, and first of all, in the neglect to people the field?

Tremendous responsibilities lie at the door of Western Christianity, when hundreds of people come to the point of putting away old customs and beliefs, to risk the contempt and ridicule, perhaps persecution of their friends, and destroy their idols, and are then allowed to fall away, because we haven't missionaries enough in the field to take care of them.

Does America stand for half and half work, for dropped stitches, for failures that spell in big letters, before Heaven and earth, ignorance of the situation, neglect and inefficiency? And we on the field, where are we at fault? Are we not first of all to blame for not seeing to it that the actual conditions are ineradicably impressed upon the consciousness of people in the home land?

We are often amazed at the apathy of some of our missionaries regarding their duty to this paper. There is more than one prosperous station from which we have had only one contribution during the year, there is one whole mission from which we have never had a single word of Christian work, and one which has as far as we know during the whole history of this publication only sent one article, after most earnest solicitation. Yet this paper reaches readers all over America, and England, and its good news is copied in many other journals. Is it right to neglect this opportunity of letting the facts known? We are as truly neglecting our work, in neglecting this branch of it, as in any other. The man who tried to put out a fire without sounding the fire alarm, would be counted criminally guilty.

Again we ought more than ever, more strenuously, more assiduously, to urge upon the native Christian workers thro the native religious paper, thro special letters, that leaders and colporteurs, and as far as possible thro personal appeals, that their work is only begun, when they have got people to come and say they intend to believe. They must be brought to the full realization of their responsibility for these souls, which are far more likely to be hopelessly lost after thus falling away, than if they had never been won. They should not be lost sight of for a moment, until they have caught fire.

In many parts of the country this year, such numbers are now coming in, that unless special care is exercised, and special measures taken, in a few months, the experience of our unfortunate friends, who reported so grave a loss, may be repeated in many other stations. May God forbid. — L. H. U.

【번역자 주】 L. H. U.=Lillias H. Underwood(릴리어스 호튼 언더우드, 편집자). 백만 명 운동 직후 한국 교회의 미숙한 새 신자 양육 문제를 다룬 사설. 토착 신자의 "국가적 축복(national blessing)" 동기가 그리스도교 입교의 한 요인이었음을 명시한 중요한 사료적 기록.