At Chemulpo the unsalaried women class leaders of the M.E. Church during 11 months have made 14,194 visits in homes and held 103 classes for instruction of younger women.

Mrs. Noble tells of a woman of 58 who could not read who recited perfectly nearly a whole chapter in the Bible. Her husband had read it over and over to her until she mastered it.

In the district under care of Pyeng Yang missionaries, last year 106 women's village Bible training classes were held, each of at least one week's duration, with total attendance of 3,920, and these with the women who attended the great classes in that city, make a total of 6,369 women, belonging to that station who studied in classes.

The Evangelistic Responsibility of the Presbyterian Mission, North, is 4,785,000 souls. This means that 1 in 44 of those for whom they are accountable has been gathered in so far. The death rate would be more per annum than this.

They have 1 missionary to every 435,000 people.

This church has 6,308 men and women who serve as teachers, leaders, deacons, etc., without salary.

Over 40,000 individuals under this mission alone, studied in Bible classes of at least 4 days during the past year.

The N. Presbyt. Church received by confession 6,823 adults, and 14,757 catechumens during the past year.

[역주] Chemulpo=제물포(인천), Pyeng Yang=평양. '미감리회(M.E. Church)'는 미국 북감리회를 가리키며, '학습교인(catechumens)'은 세례를 받기 전 교리 교육을 받는 예비 신자를 뜻한다.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY at Seoul in the interest of all the Evangelical Missions in Korea.

BUSINESS MANAGER GERALD BONWICK, Seoul, Korea. Please address all business matters including subscriptions to Mr. BONWICK.

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, including postage, one yen, or 50 cents gold, or 2/1 English Currency. Please always send foreign money orders in payment of subscriptions from England and America.

SINGLE COPIES 10 sen, three of same issue for 25 sen.

SUBSCRIPTIONS may also be sent to Dr. A. R. LEONARD, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, Rev. J. E. McCULLOCH, 422 Park Ave., Nashville, Tenn., Mr. DAY, 156 Fifth Ave., New York, Mr. J. P. DURHAM, 1155 W. 30th St., Indianapolis, Ind., Rev. ERNEST HALL, 920 Sacramento St., San Francisco, Cal., Mrs. BONWICK, 28 Weston Park Crouch End, London, England.

PRINTED by FUKUIN PRINTING Co., Kobe, Japan.

EDITED by LILLIAS H. UNDERWOOD.

[역주] 본 호(1911년 11월호)의 간기(刊記)란. 편집인 릴리어스 H. 언더우드는 선교사 호러스 G. 언더우드(원두우)의 부인이자 의료선교사이다. 화폐 단위 yen(엔)·sen(센)은 당시 한국에서 통용되던 일본 화폐 단위이다.

The Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in Korea, met in its fourth assembly, at Taiku, on Sept. the 17th, and remained in session, till the 21st, and was followed by the meeting of the Presbyterian Council of missions.

The Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mission took place in early October; we are expecting inspiring reports from them.

The Canadians, we rejoice to say, are expecting a new missionary in October.

Word came late in September that Dr. McClennahan of the Presbyt. Church, supposed to be on his way out, had resigned. This brings consternation, for there are more stations which must be supplied with a physician, than there are doctors, and how even to provide for the most distant is a problem.

Miss Nichols of Seoul would like very much to obtain a copy of the FIELD for Dec., 1909.

Another distressing report has reached us, that Dr. Whiting of Chai Ryung has been pronounced by European physicians to be the victim of a serious chronic malady, which may delay his return to Korea, perhaps indefinitely. This would be a terrible loss to Korea, as well as sorrow to Dr. and Mrs. Whiting who so much love the people and are so loved, but it may be that God has work for Dr. Whiting to do for His Koreans, while in America. Those depressing items are not inserted here merely as news, but that they may be made a special subject of prayer.

Gen Yun Yung Eul, father of Mr. Yun Che Ho, passed away, on Friday, Sept. 22nd, after a long and painful illness. He has always been an ideal pattern of a true Oriental gentleman, honorable, loyal, wise and kind, sans peur et sans reproche. His missionary friends have long thot of him, "only one thing thou lackest," for while he gave intellectual assent to Christianity, and constantly contributed largely to the work, he delayed making the final decision, and full surrender. Recently, however, he called for a missionary friend and confessed his faith in Jesus as his personal Savior, with deep contrition that he had not given himself sooner. "And now," said he wearily, "I should like to go at once," as if his soul had not been able to release itself until that step was taken. While we shall all mourn the loss of Gen Yun as one of the noblest of the Koreans, and one of the most highly prized friends, we rejoice unspeakably that he was able to give his testimony for his Master, and to enter the gates of Eternal Life ere his departure hence. Mrs. Yun was baptized in his presence shortly before his death. Gen Yun's funeral services took place at the Sai Mun An Church in Seoul, on Friday, Sept. 29.

Dr. J. B. Patterson of Kunsan, Korea, and Miss Rosetta Crabb of Wooster, O., U.S., were married in Yokohama, Japan, Sept. 7, 1911, Dr. W. D. Reynolds officiating. All the parties are members of the S. Presbyterian Mission. We welcome Mrs. Patterson to Korea and extend our best wishes to them both.

The Rev. Dr. Wilbert White paid another short visit to Korea attending the Presbyterian Council at Taiku, in Sept., and gave several most interesting Bible studies in Seoul ere he departed for America.

The S.M.E. Mission has been blessed by the following additions to its force, in Sept. of this year: Dr. and Mrs. Bowman and their seven year old daughter Lilla for new medical work in Chon Chun, Miss Ida Hankins, Miss Tinsley, Miss Reed Miss Barker, Miss Jackson, and Miss Tucker. Hearty congratulations to the S. Methodists, and to Korea!

The medical council met in Seoul Sept. 30th, and with the return of others from Presbytery the missionary homes in the capital were all full of foreigners.

The British and Foreign Bible Society boasts a new secretary just arrived, Mr. Lamprey of Albion College. He is from Detroit, Michigan. Welcome to Korea.

To Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Oliver Reiner was born a son Hugh Munroe, seven pounds great, on Sept. 25th. We all rejoice with the happy parents.

Mrs. Norton of Haiju sends the following appeal:—

Ever since I have been in Korea I have longed to start a kindergarten, but was not free to do so, first because I did not have the language, and then our little Lucy came and my duty was at home. Now, the children are older and I have opened a kindergarten. Started with eleven, six boys and four girls, and the church people assure me that many more will come.

Several advised me not to have the boys and girls together for fear the parents would object. But, the children who have enrolled are from our "high class" families in the church and surely if they do not object the other classes will not.

It's so much pleasure to see the little girlies, the youngest five years, in their brilliant waists and pretty beaded hair ribbons learning to sing, and there are some bright eyed boys too. I have only a few songs and finger plays translated and with the help of our teacher will try to do more, but our out put will be small, so I am writing for aid. Is there any one who has a kindergarten in Korea?

You see the gifts and stories and games and all the work of a kindergarten will be made so much easier if several of us could exchange and not duplicate our translations.*

[역주] 각주(*): "이야기나 노래를 번역해 두신 분은 모턴 부인(Mrs. Morton)과 선물이나 놀이를 보내 주실 수 있는 친구들에게 연락해 주시면 좋은 일이 될 것입니다." / Taiku=대구, Kunsan=군산, Chai Ryung=재령, Haiju=해주, Chon Chun=춘천. 윤웅렬(尹雄烈, Gen Yun Yung Eul)은 구한말 무관·정치가로 윤치호(尹致昊, Yun Chi Ho)의 부친이다. 'sans peur et sans reproche'는 프랑스어로 '두려움도 흠도 없는'이라는 뜻의 관용구이다. S.M.E.=남감리회(Southern Methodist Episcopal). 새문안교회(Sai Mun An Church)는 서울 최초의 조직 장로교회이다.

I am sending you a few notes concerning some of the boys who have been reared in Korea, believing that our friends would like to know what we are doing now, and of our plans for the future. This information is of the most recent date obtainable.

John E. Moore, son of Rev. F. S. Moore, deceased, will be a sophomore in Wooster University, Wooster, Ohio, during the coming year. It is his plan to take a three years' course in a theological seminary upon the completion of his college course. It is then his plan to continue the work of his father in Korea.

Forest Moore will be a member of the senior class of the Wooster Academy this year. Forest is making a great record in athletics. He has not decided yet on his future work.

Bolling Reynolds will be a sophomore in Fredericksburg College, Fredericksburg, Va., this fall. He plans to return to Korea as a missionary upon the completion of his college course.

Edward Junkin will also be a sophomore in Fredericksburg College. He plans to become a minister, but has not decided as to whether he will return to Korea. His brother William will be a freshman in Fredericksburg College this fall. What his future course will be is yet undetermined.

Wilbur Swallen will be a freshman at Mt. Hermon, Mass., this fall. He plans to return to Korea as a missionary upon the completion of his school work.

Sherwood Hall will be a member of the third year Academy class at Mt. Hermon, Mass. He expects eventually to return to Korea as a medical missionary.

Mylo Lee will be a member of the second year Academy class at Parsons College, Fairfield, Iowa. He has not decided yet what his future will be.

Lawrence Avison graduated from Wooster University in June and for the coming winter will be working for the Pittsburgh Y.M.C.A.

Wilbur and Douglas Avison have been attending school in Wooster, O. Wilbur finished high school this summer. Douglas has been very ill and has been ordered to rest and winter on a farm this year. All three of the Avison boys desire to return to Korea, to engage in mission work.

As for myself, I will be a freshman at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr., this year. I am working in the City Y.M.C.A., and will continue to do so during my four years' college course. Upon its completion I am planning to attend either the Y.M.C.A. Training School at Chicago or Springfield, Mass., for a year, then after a year of practical experience in this country I expect to return to Korea.

We are all interested in hearing from Korea, and all expectantly look forward to the time when we can again meet our many friends in Korea face to face.

Most sincerely, FOSTER M. BECK.

Delighted to hear from Foster. Three cheers for our boys! Let us hear again. We can add a few more items to his budget. Henry Appenzeller is in Princeton College a senior this year, expecting to study for the ministry and return to Korea as a missionary. Horace Underwood is this year a senior in New York University. He is student Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. of his University. Edward Adams and John Baird enter the Northfield preparatory school this year. We believe both intend to return to Korea. Now let us hear from the girls.—Ed.

[역주] 한국 선교사 자녀(이른바 '선교사 2세') 가운데 미국에서 수학 중인 청년들의 근황을 모은 편지이다. 무어(F. S. Moore, 모삼열), 레이놀즈(Reynolds, 이눌서), 정킨(Junkin, 전킨), 스왈렌(Swallen, 소안론), 홀(Hall), 에비슨(Avison, 어비신), 아펜젤러(Appenzeller, 아편설라), 언더우드(Underwood, 원두우) 등은 모두 초기 내한 선교사 가문이다. 헨리 아펜젤러와 호러스 언더우드는 각각 한국 감리교·장로교 개척 선교사의 아들이며, 이후 실제로 한국에 돌아와 사역하였다.

In addition to the complete table furnished to each member of the Mission, and the smaller table to be printed in the Minutes, I wish to present a few salient facts gleaned from the Statistics.

1. Composition of the Church. (Per cent.) Baptized Adults ... 36,074 (33.0); Children ... 3,671 (3.3); Catechumens ... 25,948 (23.7); Other Adherents ... 43,277 (40.0). Total ... 108,970 (100.0).

2. Our Evangelistic Responsibility is 4,785,000 souls (including a conservative allowance of 100,000 for Kang Kai's population in Manchuria). This means that 1 in 44 of those for whom we are accountable has been gathered in so far. The death rate will be more per annum than this. That is, with all the success God has given this work, the total Christians are less than the number that dies each year, in our FIELD.

3. The Force. (As reported before this Meeting.) 117 Missionaries, 1 to every 43,500 people. 33 Evangelistic Men workers, 1 to every 3,300 Christians. 204 Paid Korean Pastors and Helpers (Foreign and Native funds) 1 to every 534 Christians.

But it is not by these few that the work of the Lord is done. They can only reach individuals here and there, and give most of their time to keeping the whole machine in running order. The back-bone of this work is the force of Unpaid Officers: 111 Elders, part of whom are paid Helpers. 1,032 Leaders, who are acting Pastors. Paul called them "Elders" in Acts 14:23.

Adding to these all the Deacons, Leaders of Tens, Class-Leaders, S.S. Teachers, etc., we have a total (deducting those enrolled twice) of 6,308, men and women combined, who serve the Lord in this special way without salary, and often at their own charges. They are: 1 in every 6 Communicants. 1 in 18 Christians.

4. Organization. 78 Organized churches. 1,055 Groups (Churches to be, some of them with congregation of 400.) 2,117 Mid-week Prayer-meetings. Many of the groups are so far from the homes of the members that they are obliged to meet nearer home in the evenings.

5. Special Classes for Bible Study, lasting 4 days each or over, and including some Bible Institutes of a month each, enrolled 54,587. Making allowance for those enrolled more than once, we have at least 40,000 individuals who took part in this special study.

6. Education. 1 College 49 Students 4 Missionary Teachers 0 Korean Teachers. 1 Theo. Sem. 134, 4, 0. 1 Med. School 56, 2, 3. 10 Boys' Acad. 811, 6, 53. 5 Girls' 245, 9, 21. 514 Primary Sch. 8,640, 0, 741.

7. Contributions. Yen 162,618.14 U.S. $81,309.17. Per Adherent Yen 1.50 .75. Per Communicant Yen 4.50 2.25.

We may fairly assume that the ratio of income between the church membership in Korea and in the U.S.A. is as 1 to 10. Applying this we have a total contribution per communicant of the equivalent of $22.50. The gifts in our church at home last year were $19.13 per communicant. But this sort of comparison is of doubtful value, and open to question.

Contributions were divided as follows: (Yen / Per cent.) Church and Congregational expense. 54,772.625 (33.7); Home and Foreign Missions 6,932.01 (4.4); Building and Repairs 36,047.86 (22.2); Education (mostly Primary) 53,033.42 (32.7); Miscellaneous 11,232.425 (7.0). Total 162,618.34 (100.0).

8. Increase in Membership. Received by confession of Faith (communicants) 6,823 adults. Catechumens 14,757 received this year. Net increase in Communicants 5,457 equal to 17.8%.

9. Medical Work. 67,119 Dispensary Patients and 1,739 (Korean) In-patients have been treated in the 9 dispensaries and hospitals. Though only 3 stations report the number professing conversion as a result of medical work, this is 1,116, and the total will doubtless be 2,000 if all the figures can be ascertained. Total expenditures for current expenses were 35,226 yen and total receipts 33,266 yen, including only 6,688 yen from the Board.

10. Changes made by actions of the Mission. Including those at home on indefinite or extended furlough, and those appointed at this time and not yet on the field, the total force of the Mission is 126, making one to every 38,000 on our field. This is not so far from the "Omaha Standard" of 1 to 25,000. We now have 34 men assigned to evangelistic work, making 1 to 3,250 Christians.

Note to Par. 7. The net increase in membership of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. for the past year was 15,453, not quite 3 times what it was in this Mission, and the per cent was 1.1%, against our 17.8%.

This brief survey furnishes reasons for thanksgiving, but also for confession of our failure to live up to our opportunities. Let us not rest content with a few striking figures about the past or the present, but work for steady growth in spirituality as well as in numbers.

Respectfully submitted, E. W. KOONS.

[역주] Kang Kai=강계. E. W. 쿤스(Edwin Wade Koons, 군예빈)는 북장로회 선교사로 통계 담당자였다. '오마하 표준(Omaha Standard)'은 1900년대 미국 선교 운동에서 제시된 선교사 1인당 책임 인구 기준(1:25,000)을 가리킨다. 통계 수치는 원문 표기를 그대로 옮겼다.

I am glad to have this opportunity of addressing the Mission this morning, because I believe something ought to be said regarding the Evangelistic Campaign recently conducted throughout Korea. Some are inclined to be disappointed because an actual million was not gathered into the church within the one year and to consider the movement a failure. But how could it be a failure? The whole church entered into the campaign with faith and unparalleled enthusiasm. The Gospel was preached as never before all over Korea. We need have no fear as to the results. God has said concerning His Word, "it shall not return unto me void," and a great harvest must be reaped from the broadcast sowing of last year.

I was in America when the campaign began and heard of the great undertaking with many misgivings; but when I returned and saw how the Koreans themselves believed in the movement, how they were praying and preaching, I knew God's Spirit was in it and entered into the final campaign with all my heart. We do not know how many were saved, but we do know that a great multitude was persuaded to enter the churches and express a desire to believe. Personally, I believe that when all is known, more than a million souls will be found to date their interest in the Kingdom from this Million Year.*

But there is another aspect of the year's work which needs to be emphasized, the effect upon the Church itself. The year of the Campaign was a year of crisis in the history of this people. No one foresaw it when the Campaign began, but before it was more than well started Annexation came and Korea ceased to be a separate country. Such a national change could not but profoundly effect the church. People everywhere expected and predicted disaster, but God foresaw the danger and prepared His people for it by pouring out upon His Church a great baptism of evangelistic fervor. Absorbed in the great campaign for souls, the Korean Church passed through the trying year with unchanged and victorious spirit, unwearied and united, stronger and more eager than ever to push forward the battle until not only one million, but all of Korea's millions shall be brought to the Master.

There are times when to hold one's own means progress, when victory inch by inch against the rushing waves means more than swift flight over smooth waters. Some of us in Pyeng Yang go up the Tai Tong River every summer. Sometimes the river opens out broad and smooth like a lake for miles and the men pull the boat along rapidly and with ease till we come to a rapid where the river is crowded into a narrow, roaring torrent. Now the real battle begins. Slowly, inch by inch, we ascend the cataract. I can hear the water roar.

I can see the men straining at the rope. I can hear the boat timbers creak. It is everything in the rapids if the men do not slip, if the rope does not break. The Korean Church was in the rapids last year. It is everything to us that the feet of her leaders did not slip, that her faith in God did not break.

We are above the rapids now. Now we ought to go forward. If we will only put forth the energy now that we did last year, we will see our prayers answered. We do not want or need another campaign. All we want is for each of us to make personal evangelistic work, especially these next few months, our first assignment. Can we not do it? The doctor in his hospital, the teacher going to and from his school, the itinerator out in the country. I know we have so much to do. Perhaps we can not always put so much personal strength into personally preaching the Gospel. But let us do it now, even though other work has to suffer. If we do, if we go out this year determined to gather in the great harvest sown last year, the Korean Church will gladly follow and together with God's help we will fulfill the Church's glorious vision.

[역주] 각주(*): "《필드(FIELD)》는 다른 호에서도 같은 주장을 하였다." / Pyeng Yang=평양, Tai Tong River=대동강. '백만인 운동(Million Movement, 정식 명칭 "백만명구령운동")'은 1909~1910년 한국 개신교가 전개한 대규모 전도 운동이다. 'Annexation(병합)'은 1910년 8월 한일병합을 가리킨다. 윌리엄 블레어(William N. Blair, 방위량)는 평양 주재 북장로회 선교사이다. 인용된 성구는 이사야 55장 11절이다.

The fifth annual meeting of the Presbytery of Korea convened at Taiku, September 17th, 1911. The opening day was one of spiritual preparation. In the morning Mr. Bell led the service preparing the hearts of all for the communion service in the afternoon. After a sermon by Pastor Kil, Dr. Gale, the retiring moderator, conducted the communion service. Dr. Reynolds led the afternoon English service and Dr. Clark spoke in the evening from Revelations.

Dr. Reynolds was elected moderator, filling this difficult position with a facility and impartiality most acceptable to all. At the roll call 173 responded, 116 elders and 57 ministers. This number was increased by the arrival of a number of late comers. The sessions were held in the Taiku city church which seats over 1,000 and besides the regular delegates a large number of self-appointed delegates were in attendance and followed the proceeding closely. The church was generally quite comfortably filled, the attendance being largest at the missionary addresses. Monday evening, Kim Moksa, of Puk Kan Do, spoke and, Tuesday evening, Han Moksa, of Manchuria, and Yi Moksa, of Quelpart, told of their work. One of the stirring events of the meeting was the solving of the problem at Vladivostock when An Moksa was found as the additional missionary and more than 400 yen was given by the members of Presbytery towards his support.

Perhaps the most important action taken was the decision to form the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Korea. Seven presbyteries were set apart. The first General Assembly will meet at Pyeng Yang, 1912, the same place where the first Presbytery met. The basis of representation for the first meeting will be the same as at present, delegates to later meetings will be chosen on a smaller proportion.

The crowning event of the whole meeting was the ordination service. Seventeen men were ordained full pastors, two were ordained as co-pastors and five were ordained as licentiates.

This is the first time the Presbytery has met in the south and although a majority of the presbyters had to travel further the extra expense and trouble were justified by the benefits obtained. Those who came from a distance had an opportunity of seeing the work in a more understanding way and of enjoying the fellowship and hospitality of their Southern brethren. The coming of Presbytery was a revelation to the non-Christians and an education and inspiration to the multitude of unofficial delegates who had come from all parts of the province.

The last meeting of the Presbytery of Korea adjourned at 12 m., Friday, September 22nd, 1911. J. U. SELWYN TOMS.

Further notes sent by Rev. A. R. Ross are as follows:

Yi Moksa, missionary to the Island of Quelpart, told of a lame boy of 11 years of age whom a missionary doctor had taken to Mokpo for treatment. The doctor after trying for about 3 months to cure the boy found it impossible and told the boy that he could not and advised him to return to Quelpart and to pray for healing. The boy went home and engaged in prayer for 7 days at the end of which time he received strength to rise up and walk. Yi Moksa also related how that when it was difficult to carry on school work that Korean Christians from other places had sent money and that one Syen Chun woman had done what was an especially worthy deed—offered her ring to help on the cause. He also told how the cause in Quelpart has not grown without persecution for two women who gave up their houses to be used as churches suffered in being much beaten. He reported that worship is now conducted in 5 places in Quelpart by 160 Christians while there is a school with 17 pupils. The work in both east and west Kando (Manchuria) and in Russia was reported by other workers and also bears witness to the work of grace God is doing in the hearts of the Koreans in far off places under the supervision of Presbytery.

While the business of Presbytery was carried on usually with real seriousness it was not without incidents of humour. At a certain meeting when one speaker had risen and sought to impress upon Presbytery the danger of harm coming from a light spirit shown in the excessive clapping of hands in applause, another replied that scripture supported the clapping of hands and quoted the psalmist,

"Clap your hands O ye trees."

[역주] Taiku=대구, Pyeng Yang=평양, Mokpo=목포, Syen Chun=선천, Quelpart=제주도, Puk Kan Do=북간도, Kando=간도(만주), Vladivostock=블라디보스토크. 'Moksa(목사)'는 목사, 'Presbytery'는 노회, 'General Assembly'는 총회. 이 회의에서 한국 장로교 단일 노회(독노회)가 7개 노회로 나뉘고 이듬해(1912년) 총회 조직이 결정되었다. Dr. Gale=게일(기일), Dr. Reynolds=레이놀즈(이눌서), Pastor Kil=길선주 목사로 추정. 인용 성구는 시편 또는 이사야 55:12('산들이 노래하고 들의 모든 나무가 손뼉을 치리라')의 변용이다.

I want to speak specially of help that can be given to girls in primary schools and the work that can be done for young women. In representing Syen Chyun in any thing educational we have to take into account that our divisions of school are different than in other stations. We do not have any preparatory department in our Academy, so that when we report our Academy work we report only the three classes of highest grade. If we were to report on the same basis as Pyeng Yang or Seoul Academies we would report not only our Academy proper but a share of the work of our local Grammar school and the work of the school for young women. Miss Chase felt that the students would be the better for separate institutions so that instead of a preparatory department we have eliminated the troublesome elements by arranging to care for girls from the country who cannot come from their local schools directly into the Academy, in our dormitory for Academy girls. Then by giving oversight to the lower school we can still keep our control over the girls. Our plan seems to work in our station but of course might be a failure in larger cities. The examination questions for the lower schools are approved by Mr. McCune as superintendent of local schools and if we get poorly prepared girls in our Academy Miss Chase or Mrs. Whittemore in her stead will have to settle with him. Mrs. Sharrocks had oversight of the lower school last year and our teachers are very willing to receive all the suggestions they can get. We have found that numbers of girls in our schools were dropping out on account of expense and we have tried to meet that by providing some way of self-help. Of course one immediately runs against a snag when help is attempted, for it is hard to decide whom to help and whom to refuse. We have thrown about this responsibility upon the church officers. One of them who is interested especially in the school is consulted as to the home circumstances of applicants for help. As to manner of help the easiest way would be to visit our tithe box and turn over a few yen to the school treasurer. But that would not be best for the girls, so before the tithe box is visited the

girls must sew half a day each week with pieces from America furnishing work. There has been no difficulty so far in finding scrap bags which will lend themselves to the work.

For older girls in the Academy we do the same thing, allowing them to sew on any thing we can devise. Girls are fond of hemstitching, so this year some of that has been done.

For young women we have a separate school. The course covered is about that of the ordinary lower school plus some things which will be helpful to them as women. For example some hygiene and this year when in town Miss Helstrom promises some lessons in care of the sick and wounded. They can advance more rapidly than children and we hope to cover the whole course in four years. To this school we admit country women who have no home ties to prevent. As to local women we admit those who can be spared from home even tho they have children tho they are not supposed to ever bring the children to school. Last year the women met with the Academy girls for morning chapel and spent the rest of the morning in study in their own class-room. As to financial help upon recommendation by the chosas or moksas* we give them work to do. Mrs. Lampe is teaching the women to embroider and we are hoping to be able to make the department in the main self-supporting. With the women in a dormitory as we can have them now that we have our new dormitory, a woman can pay her expenses aside from clothing by working three or four hours a day receiving 3.75 or 4 sent per hour. We have one 50 yen order for work and are trusting that when that is finished we may have more to work upon. The purpose of this school has been questioned. It is thought that some of the women may be passed on into the regular Academy for further study, that some may be ready for special study in the Bible Institute which we hope will flourish upon Miss Samuels' return, that some may go out as teachers into some of our country churches where they can help wonderfully in church work as well as in school work and, lastly, but by no means least, we hope many of them will go out into their own homes and be a power in our church as mothers, as Sunday-school teachers, as leaders in all good things.

[역주] 각주(*): "조사(Chosas)=지도자(leaders), 목사(moksas)=목사(pastors)." 각주(†): "2센(Two cents)." 본 글은 장로회 선교부 여성 모임에서 낭독되었다. / Syen Chyun=선천, Pyeng Yang=평양. 매큔 부인(Mrs. Geo. McCune)은 선천 신성학교 교장 조지 매큔(George S. McCune, 윤산온)의 부인이다. 'tithe box(십일조 헌금함)', 'grammar school(보통학교/문법학교 급)', 'hemstitching(휘갑치기/올뜨기 자수)' 등의 용어가 등장한다.

A note from Mrs. Moffett asking for a paper on some particular phase of the women's work in Kang Kai has set us thinking and talking about our Bible women and the peculiar circumstances under which they work and at the risk of repeating myself I am going to give you the gist of the matter.

First, to give you an idea of our district, a little comparative geography. And please do not any of you hold me too closely to my figures for they are only approximate. When I opened the geography I stumbled on a map of Palestine. If you begin at the south end of the Dead Sea and travel north to Hermon you will cover the distance north and south which our itinerators must cover as they travel up and down the district. Judea at her widest point, including the land settled east of Jordan is the width of our allotted portion of Korea. Scotland is a little longer and a little wider but allowing for her indentations has very little if any more land. Half of Colorado or Massachusetts a couple of times will about equal our lands. But you must choose the mountainous part of Colorado with her heaviest rains daily occurances, and extreme summer heat when it is not raining, for several months of the year and heavy snows for many of the remaining months. The snows, however, make excellent roads for travel if one is very acrobatic and can land on his feet the upper side of an inclined road when he feels the sleigh unexpectedly going over the embankment. If you have a good horseman he will jump quickly so that you can land on his back if the sleigh turns upside down over a precipice but these experiences and breaking through the top ice over a gentle little stream like the Yalu do not specially commend themselves as suitable to a lady. (Please do not think that I am trying to detract from the beauties of Kang Kai, I am just presenting a phase of the subject and you will see its application later.) The mountain roads are steep and hard to climb. One of the passes we crossed getting up here this summer was so steep that the chair coolies could not carry me up. The turns back and forth were so short and sharp that there was no room for the chair poles and I had to be perched on the top of one of the horse loads with a man walking behind me to hold me on, so that I would not slide off backwards. You will not be surprised to know that under these circumstances we women have felt that we had done something just to get here and have done absolutely no itinerating.* Possibly some day when our babies are older we may undertake it, but as yet it seems out of the question.

But what is to be done for the women? They cannot be left to wait for our possible going at some distant date. When Misses Mills and Samuels came to help in our class last year they were beseiged every step of the way by women trying to make them promise to come back at once to help them. But these two young ladies are both stationed elsewhere and cannot come, and our general mission force is so occupied that it would be difficult for us to get a single woman and, moreover, we are so isolated that it would not be fair to ask just one single woman to come. She should have a "better half," too, though only another woman worker. She would need her to help make a home and to help take the long hard trips and that at present is clearly not feasible. The question of how to meet the situation was most insistant and we finally decided that the thing to do was to develop a circle of women qualified for the work.

We have here in Kang Kai assisting in the city work a woman whose name is Nu Ssi. She is a most efficient helper. In the local church there are many more women than men and their work is well organized. There is an unusually good spirit among the women and Nu Ssi is largely responsible for it. She has also been a prime mover in the organization and conduct of an excellent girls' school which enrolled over 60 last year and graduated five. One of the first things which particularly impressed me after coming here was hearing Nu Ssi tell of a trip she had made to some distant churches. She had been out a month and taught classes in seven churches, I believe, travelling several hundred li* over very difficult roads to do it. She was also in the habit of going to nearby churches for a few days teaching and the women everywhere were greatly profited by her ministrations. The thought came to us that if one such with as little preparation as she had (had only a few days at a class in Syen Chyun), could do as much as she does, why could not several women be sent to training classes and equipped to do the work the foreign ladies usually do?

So we evolved a Bible Woman Scheme of our own.

What is a Bible woman? As a rule she is a woman supported by foreign funds who is the personal helper of one of the foreign women,† and works under her personal supervision. She is chosen by the woman whose helper she is and her choice is ratified by the station.

The women workers in our district are quite different. In fact their work is on a par with that of the men who are known as Cho-sas. The Cho-sa is a helper who has control over a large working district, of course under one of the missionaries. Our women are called Kuan-sas. Unlike the men they have no authority in their district so far as church questions are concerned but they have large influence and they like the Cho-sas work under the supervision of the pastor of the district in which they labor.

The year of a Kuan-sa is divided into three parts. Three months are spent in study at an accredited Bible school, four months of the year are given to their work in their homes, their personal home life, and the remaining five months are spent travelling about to all the churches and groups with which they were connected. This travelling, preaching to the heathen, and helping at the church work in such ways as a pastor's assistant at home would help constitute the principal lines of their efforts. Whenever a woman goes off on one of these preaching trips an older woman accompanies her or else she takes companions with her from church to church as she goes. This is one of the requirements.

Whenever a district is sufficiently anxious for a Kuan-sa to be willing to guarantee her salary for the five months of service, which must be almost thirty yen a year, an application is sent to the pastor whose appointee must be ratified by the Se-chal Wi-won or committee of control which is responsible to the Presbytery.

An appropriation for thirty yen each from money which the Board gives for our Bible women's work is then applied to the expenses of this new appointee's training in the Bible school. But her salary is entirely paid by those whom she serves and it is part of the plan that just as rapidly as possible the churches will take over the expenses of her education also, thus releasing that money for other work. As a matter of fact one woman's expenses were paid by her church and another who has a little money paid her own so we are getting along in that respect already.

A second advantage of the plan is that the abnormal condition of having the work of the church divided into the men's and women's work is obviated, the same men and committees having charge of all so making it more of a unit.

A third part of the plan is to have the men and women unite in their big Bible classes. During the morning and afternoon they meet to study separately, each division led by those especially qualified, but in the evenings they unite in one general big meeting. In this way more women can attend as a woman can take with her husband the long journey to the class which would be impossible if she went alone. She also has the advantage of hearing the special speakers who are called to the men's class.

I have told you what Nu Ssi has done. Cha Cho-sa says of Choi Ssi's work that since she began he has been able to reach the women as never before and that they have developed remarkably in their ability to work and do their part. An Moksa told Kim Moksa, who has charge of the China District what the women had done for his churches and he went home and immediately appointed a worker from among his leading women. These are only beginnings but they seem promising to us and we believe the Lord will use these women to do great things in this work which is so new and undeveloped.*

[역주] 각주: 본문 중 '* 이 세 숙녀는 모두 선교지부와 사역과 언어에 매우 생소하며, 강계에서 살기 시작한 이래 각기 한두 명의 어린 자녀를 두었다. 블레어 부인은 당시 병에서 부분적으로만 회복된 상태였다.' / '† 한 리(li)는 영국 마일의 3분의 1이다.' / 본 글은 장로회 선교부 여성 모임에서 낭독되었으며, 마지막 각주(*)는 '여성 사역에 관심 있는 모든 이가 이 글을 주의 깊게 살피기를 바란다'이다. Kang Kai=강계, Syen Chyun=선천, the Yalu=압록강. 'Cho-sa(조사)'는 남자 교회 조력자, 'Kuan-sa(관사/권사)'는 여자 교회 조력자, 'Se-chal Wi-won(세찰위원)'은 노회 산하 통제 위원회, 'Bible woman(성경 부인/전도 부인)'은 여성 전도자를 가리킨다. 블레어 부인(Mrs. Herbert Blair)은 강계 주재 북장로회 선교사 허버트 블레어의 부인이다.

The work of the Institute began with the Workers' Class in October, 1910. Eighty women from the city and country churches studied for two weeks on the course of study to be used in teaching country classes during the year, 30 of them preparing themselves to teach lessons from Philippians and Revelation, Luke and John, and 50 preparing on lessons in Luke, John, Mark and Bible Catechism.

From November to March classes were held by the women with the following results:

In Mr. Mowry's territory 15 Classes attended by 187 persons; Blair's 13, 623; Dr. Moffett's 10, 430; In Mr. Bernheisel's territory 14 Classes attended by 392 persons; Holdcroft's 24, 665; Swallen's 37, 1,520; Dr. Baird's 3, 111. Total Classes 106 Total attendance 3,920 persons.

It is encouraging to see what interest the women take in preparing themselves for teaching, and gratifying to see how acceptable most of them are to the churches to which they are sent. Some places are particular and want a teacher of established reputation, but most of them are satisfied and do good work with the teachers we send them. The churches have entertained the women during the week of the class and in a few instances have paid their railroad fare. Most of the women, however, follow Korean custom and walk to the places where they are to teach. This means hardship, sometimes in bad weather and over unknown roads, and we suggested in a number of cases when church officers came in to Pyeng Yang to arrange for Bible classes that they send some one in the day before the class should begin in order to show the teachers the way and perhaps carry their bundle of books, lesson outlines to be given to the women of the class, clothing, etc. This was done very willingly, thus making it easier for the women and giving the church people an opportunity to show their appreciation of what the teachers were doing in giving their time and strength for the sake of the women in the country groups whose opportunity for Bible Study are not many. The teachers have taken with them to each class, books and lesson papers for use in their teaching. The Lesson Sheets were printed by the Training Class Committees at trifling cost and were given free to members of these classes; but all books were sold, the sales in one territory amounting to 29.08 yen (about 15 dollars).

2.—Sunday School Teachers' Class. The Class for the Sabbath School Teachers of all our churches was held this year from March 1st to 14th. There was an attendance of 285 women, of whom all but 45 were from the country. It is the aim of those who have this class in charge to make it more and more a class for the training of Sabbath School Teachers, and to this end for the past several years Conferences on the S.S. Work have had a good share in the program and, it is hoped that as soon as a book on Teacher Training is available that it may be put in the course of study.

The program this year provided for Morning Prayers in charge of Mrs. Holdcroft.

1st Division in John's Gospel (Chap. 1-10) by Mrs. Mowry and Mrs. Won; Bible Catechism (1st half) Miss Butts, To Si. 2nd John's Gospel (Chap. 11-21) Mrs. Blair; Bible Catechism (2nd half) Pak To Sin. 3rd Corinth. I (12 selected lessons) Miss Best; Epistle of James Mrs. Moffett. 4th Romans (Chap. 1-8) Miss Butts; Bible Doctrine Miss Best.

Singing lessons were in charge of Mrs. Holdcroft. Eight Conferences were held on the following subjects:

1. Work among Children in the Sabbath School — Miss Best. 2. Responsibility of the S.S. Teachers in Keeping Order and Teaching Reverence in Worship — Miss Best. 3. Work among New Believers — Miss Best. 4. Duties and Privileges of Wives of Korean Officers (From Korean view point) — Pastor Kil. 5. Duties and Privileges of Wives of Church Officers (From Missionary view point) — Mrs. Baird. 6. Preparation of the S.S. Lesson — Mrs. Blair. 7. Teaching the S.S. Lesson — Mrs. Moffett. 8. The S.S. Teacher — Miss Best.

There were many new women in the first and second divisions. Some of these were newly appointed Sabbath School Teachers and some were Kwunchals (leaders of tens). A number of them were not very far advanced in Scripture knowledge, but they were evidently the best women in the country churches from which they came, and were very much in earnest and very faithful in their efforts to learn. The opportunity this class presents of reaching the leaders among the women of our country churches and through them all the women with instruction is one that can not be too highly emphasized and we earnestly hope that we may be able to lead them aright and put them in the way of getting only those things that will be a real help to them in their Christian life and service.

3.—Two and One Half Months' Term. The long term of Bible Institute was held from March 31st to June 13th. 89 women were enrolled, 54 of them from Pyeng Yang territory, 12 from Syen Chun, 8 from Chai Ryung, 5 from Chong Ju (two of these being Pyeng Yang women now engaged in Church work in Chong Ju), 4 from Kang Kai, 3 from Seoul and one each from Taiku, Mil Yang and Fusanchin. The last a Pyeng Yang woman now engaged by Mrs. Engel as a Bible woman. Of last year's enrolment of 50 women, 37 returned for further study.

There were students this year in four of the five classes of the course, each class carrying two or three Bible subjects in the morning and all students having two and three periods a week for a writing lesson in the afternoon, an hour each Monday afternoon for lectures on Mission work in other lands. All women under 40 years of age were given several lessons a week in the first principles of Arithmetic, the idea being to give them enough to enable them to keep account of books sold and received, attendance at classes and travelling expenses, etc.

From our own station force, teaching was done by Mrs. Moffett, Mrs. Blair, Miss Butts and Miss Best. Fusan station lent Miss Doriss for a month to help in the teaching, and Seoul station kindly let us have Mrs. Underwood for a month and a half. To these ladies and the stations who spared them from their own work, we are greatly indebted and would express our appreciation of their timely help.

Monday afternoon lectures were given by Pastor Kil of Central Church, Mr. and Mrs. Engel of the Australian Presbyterian Mission in Fusan, Mrs. Moffett and Miss Best. Interesting chapel talks were given by Mr. Brown of the World's S.S. Union Committee, Mrs. Stevenson of Auburn, N.Y., Mr. Erdman of Taiku, Mr. Wilkes of the Barclay Buxton Mission of Japan, Rev. M. Craighead of Anna, Ill., and Mrs. Baird, Mr. Hunt, Dr. Moffett, Mrs. Moffett, and Dr. Underwood kindly interpreting at different times. All the women of the Institute had the benefit of the program arranged by Mr. Brown to show the model Sabbath Schools for Adults and Children in operation.

As only two dormitory rooms in the Institute compound were available for the women this year four large rooms with kitchens attached were rented in the neighborhood for the use of those who wished to reduce their expenses by keeping house. One of these rooms was in the house of a family reputed wealthy and the women who lived in this room were called upon to share the misfortunes that sometimes fall to the lot of those who are rich in this world's goods. The compound was entered at night by a couple of robbers who succeeded in carrying off a good deal of money and several watches. One woman was the heaviest loser being the poorer by eight yen in money and a silver watch. All the women lost something, but they were so thankful to have come through the experience with no harm to themselves that they bore their losses cheerfully.

About 60 of the women in attendance this year were from a distance. If there are as many next year they will more than fill all the dormitory room on the compound. We are very glad that we received some of the money that we asked for new dormitories and improvements and with it and the remaining 2,000 yen, which we hope that the Board can secure soon, we hope during the coming year to provide more dormitory room and some bath rooms, to be used not only in the spring when the most continuous work of the Institute is done, but at the times of the various classes held throughout the year under the direction of the Institute.

Several women, wives of the Theological Seminary students, were admitted to the Institute for one hour of study per day, the rule not to admit women with young children debarring them from full admission. They were also urged to attend chapel service and Monday afternoon lecture, and in this way were brought within the life of the Institute in a way which we hope proved helpful to them.

Tuition to the amount of 85 yen was collected. Thirty-seven and a half yen of this applied to the board bills of the two ladies from other station who helped teach in the Institute and the remainder was put into the general fund and most of it used in the purchase of dormitory supplies.

Not only for the help it will be in the teaching schedule, but also for the advantage it will be to the students to come into contact with missionaries from other parts of the field, we hope that next year as this we may have assistance from ladies of other stations.

Close touch with such earnest women as most of the Institute women

were this year does us all good. Many of them are in positions in their own homes where their influence counts for much and our prayers and interest will follow them throughout the year as they strive to make their lives count for truth and right in places perhaps where truth and right are not regarded.

One need in all our work among the women who come each year within the sphere of the Institute is for someone who has time to give to thorough, systematic instruction and drilling in singing and also in Physical Exercise.

With this work and helping to teach the Bible classes the time of an extra lady would very quickly be filled and if we are so fortunate as to get the single woman we have been asking for evangelical work the last two years she should have plenty of work waiting for her before she could get the language.

Respectfully submitted to Mission and Board, MARGARET BEST, In charge of Institute.

[역주] Pyeng Yang=평양, Syen Chun=선천, Chai Ryung=재령, Chong Ju=종주(청주로 추정), Kang Kai=강계, Taiku=대구, Mil Yang=밀양, Fusanchin=부산진. 'Kwunchals(권찰)'은 십인장(열 사람을 돌보는 지도자), 'Bible woman(성경 부인/전도 부인)'은 여성 전도자를 뜻한다. 마거릿 베스트(Margaret Best, 배귀례)는 평양 여자 성경학원 책임자였다. 통계 표는 원문 수치를 그대로 옮겼다.

Seven of us, Syen Chyunites, gathered together one afternoon to discuss the work for women in our province, were asked to decide what was the most significant thing in regard to it. All with one accord made answer in varying phrases, "Its immensity and our inadequacy."

Six married women, all with home and family cares, and one single, now only two years on this field, to over-see the work for over 12,000 Christian women in the province, in the town three Sabbath schools enrolling over 1,200 women and girls, week-day Bible classes, school for young married women, Academy for girls, not to speak of the supervision of the primary schools. No wonder we look forward with anxiety to the coming year. Truly this is one of the times when we feel that we must turn to the Lord only to accomplish the results and if, as we know, the work at such times is always specially blest, surely this year will be one of joy and blessing to us all.

This is not intended as an appeal for aid but merely a summing up of our situation without which we could not intelligently discuss the work. The women are so responsive, so eager for teaching, and so dependent upon the foreigner for light that we feel our responsibility towards them very greatly.

It seems to me that one of the most interesting and significant features of our woman's work at present is the very large proportion of baptized women to be found in all our classes,—in the Sunday-schools, the week-day classes, and more than all in our spring Bible Conference.

The statistics show a steady increase along this line and last spring out of the 1,283 women enrolled from town and country only 150 were new believers. This does not mean that our increase in the whole number of adherents is less but that the large body of those who come into the church stay and in time are received as catechumens and baptized. Nor does it mean that the requirements are lax, for besides the examination on belief, knowledge and conduct, ability to read is an almost invariable requirement, especially among the young women and it is surprising how many of the old grandmothers also, can follow the reading from their book. Recently in our woman's Sunday-school in the south church we started the plan of asking all those who cared to learn to read to stay after the regular Sunday-school service was over, the thought having been suggested by seeing one of the old ladies with her spectacles on her nose laboriously pointing down the lines of her hymn book, while waiting for the service to begin, and showing an admiring eager group of the contemporaries how to sing from the book. The first Sunday out of the 400 enrolled, considerably over a hundred women remained and we went to work with a will. Of course since, their number has fallen off a bit, but great interest is shown in the wall chart of the syllabary which we had made so that even the darkened eyes of the old women could see the characters and learn to recognize them. Some were so anxious to take it back to their homes that we could hardly bear to refuse them, and some asked so wistfully, "If we learn these characters can we really learn to read our Bibles?" What we regret is that we had not thought of this way of helping them long ago. We had tried week-day classes at various times but the hour directly after Sunday-school when so many have little to do but wait for the afternoon preaching service seems to be better adapted.

Aside from the fact that the body of women as a whole are progressing we feel that one of the reasons for the increasing proportion of the baptized in our Bible Conference is due to the fact that if out of a thousand only one woman can come, the more advanced member of the family is selected seeing that in that way she can help friends and the ultimate profit thus is greater for all. And yet it is evident that many wait impatiently for their turn to come, for we notice the pride and pleasure with which the new ones say it is their first time and tell of their anxiety to attend in previous years. Occasionally, and this is one of the chief dangers, we find women who, having been baptized, feel that that is the height of their ambition and relax their efforts when once it is attained, but in the main they advance and develop mentally and spiritually.

And now the problem confronts us, "How can we best reach them and help them to advance as they should?" In the early days, so we hear from those who have been longest in the work, every individual member of the church was known personally to the missionary and could frequently be met and talked with, advised or admonished, and the close personal touch was evident throughout all the work. But now, with the thousands instead of the tens to take into consideration this is impossible. As we look on the sea of faces in the church services, it is only the

occasional one that we know well enough to recall name or personality. Many faces are familiar more or less from constant attendance but the close sisterly touch we would so like to feel is almost beyond us. When we begin to count it up it seems as though we know a good many and they do come to see us frequently but after all it is only the tens among the hundreds that we know. We know that this close friendship has been one of the reasons for advance in the past, but if in the town it is now difficult to maintain, how much more in the province! How can one woman, itinerating for nine months almost constantly though she may, reach the thousands waiting to be met and helped?

We are trying to organize special bands of Korean women who will go out to the country places and teach their more ignorant friends but almost all of our advanced women here have home or family ties or lack money for such trips. It is the same with our Korean sisters as with ourselves. We cannot ask them to leave a family of children to make many of these teaching trips, earnest and zealous though they are. Many do it at great cost. Dear old Kim Ssi, so long Miss Samuels' great help and dependance, has now grown too old to travel regularly but she still goes as her strength permits and preaches the Word although her methods are not the latest in Pedagogy. She by the way was the first Korean to give money for the support of a native worker in our province. This was over twelve years ago when she made a subscription for the salary of a worker, then the only helper in the Syen Chyun field. She also gave, shortly after, a tiled building in the town for the woman's work and five years ago she gave land for an endowment for the Boys' Academy, which she has since turned over to Mr. Hugh O'Neill. But not all women can give as she can for she has no immediate family and an independent property, but she is an example to all in her whole hearted service. Many examples of this volunteer preaching and teaching could be given. My own cook, a little woman, tied down by a family of four little boys, is most earnest and zealous in her desire to preach and has several times asked me for a Sunday off to go to some heathen relations in a nearby village. But very few of our women have as yet reached the period where they can be sent off to hold classes of any size entirely on their own responsibility and without any supervision of a foreigner. Several years' special training classes have been held to give our advanced women instruction in methods of teaching, etc., but with the work of the whole province pressing and frequent calls from other stations for aid, Miss Samuels has been able to devote comparatively little time to it, Miss Chase's time has been largely given to the Academy, and our married women with their limited time, many demands already being made upon it, have not been able to help much in the past. But we hope in the future that this plan can be developed greatly, possibly in the form of a Bible Institute, and we want suggestions from those ladies who have already carried on those classes and especially in regard to the classes in the country which have been successfully held by the Korean women.

This is one of our greatest problems. How shall we best equip our women for teaching and training their less advanced sisters? Is the paid Bible woman the best plan and should we have more of them? And what form should their training take? These are some of the questions we have not yet worked out and we want your help. The last few years Miss Samuels has planned to hold longer classes at certain larger centers throughout the province, but beside these there are many, many smaller places where the women need class-work or special teaching, and where it is an utter impossibility for the missionary to go every year. We want to fit the Korean women to do this work as much as possible.

The problems are great but we are not discouraged when we consider the growth of the work as a whole and the individual progress of the hundreds. The bright intelligent faces of the multitudes, the clean babies, are all evidences that the seed planted in the past is blossoming now, and that can hopefully leave the full development of the fruit to the care of our great Husbandman and Father. MAUD W. P. WHITTEMORE.

[역주] 본 글은 장로회 선교부 여성 모임에서 낭독되었다. Syen Chyun=선천. 'Bible Conference(성경 협의회/사경회)', 'syllabary(음절표, 곧 한글 반절표)', 'Bible woman(성경 부인/전도 부인)', 'Bible Institute(성경 학원)' 등의 용어가 쓰였다. 위트모어 부인(Maud W. P. Whittemore)은 선천 주재 북장로회 선교사 노먼 위트모어(N. C. Whittemore, 위대모)의 부인이다. 'Husbandman(농부)'은 요한복음 15장의 비유에서 하나님을 가리키는 표현이다.

[EVANGELISTIC WORK IN CHONG DONG M.E. CHURCH, SEOUL — MISS LULU E. FREY]

The evangelistic work among the women of First Church, Seoul, and village churches connected with it is largely the work of five Bible women all faithful but aging rapidly now after many years of service, one longing for the day when the Father shall call her to her reward. Their report cards show that thousands of Christian and heathen homes visited and hundreds brought to a knowledge of Christ. Three hundred and fifty women have come into the city church alone during the year. The women of the church are also active in the Master's service. Through the Aid Society, they half support a Bible woman who visits according to their direction. Two classes numbering about 60 women were taught and have received baptism. One old lady of 79 years recited perfectly the Lord's Prayer, the Apostles' Creed and the Ten Commandments, answering most satisfactorily all questions regarding her faith. She expressed regret that she had not heard of Jesus when she was younger but was happy that at last she knew Him.

Between 300 and 400 women attend Sunday-school regularly and are growing in the knowledge of the truth.

[THE BIBLE WOMAN'S TRAINING SCHOOL — MISS MILLIE M. ALBERTSON]

Last fall until within three weeks of the time for the Bible School to open, it had been impossible to find a place in which to house all of the students who had been accepted. Finally, however, our Parent Board decided to establish another church down in the heart of the city in buildings where the Young Men's Christian Association first opened their work. This being only a short distance from the rooms already used for the school, we were fortunate in securing from them six rooms—three class and three dormitory rooms.

The buildings are old and, not having been used for some time, many repairs were absolutely necessary. They are also in a densely populated district with most unfavorable sanitary conditions; therefore, the health of the students has been a matter of constant anxiety. While it is true that the majority of them come from even less favorable surroundings, the early experiences of other schools have proved that when the Koreans begin hard study, they run down physically unless they have good air and sunshine.

Now that the site for a new building has been decided upon—the beautiful lot belonging to the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society and located just outside the West Gate—the work of erecting a building should begin just as soon as possible. If the foundation could be laid this fall so that the work of building could proceed early in the spring, it might be that we could open the school in the new building one year from this fall.

Again we have reached our limit so far as growing in numbers is concerned. It will be quite impossible to receive more than one or two more students into our present quarters; until we can have a new building, therefore, we shall aim merely to grow better rather than bigger. The average attendance during the past year has been thirty—twenty-two boarding and eight students.

[EVANGELISTIC WORK — MRS. W. A. NOBLE]

At the women's meetings, we learn of many interesting incidents which mark growth in the Christian life. At one meeting, Bible verses were being recited by each one present, when a woman aged 58 who knew not how to read recited nearly a whole chapter. We listened amazed and asked her how she did it. She said her husband had patiently read it to her little by little until she had mastered it.

Sadie Kim, my Bible woman, always faithful, has made 2,770 visits, teaching Christ in the homes, has sold 83 Christian books, led 33 women to the altar and induced 30 backsliders to return to God. Many are the wonderful instances of faith reported by Sadie. Many women have received cruel stripes because of their love for Jesus. One woman aged 60 believed in Jesus but her husband did not and kept his wife from attending church. One time when Sadie was calling on her he ordered Sadie to leave the house, saying he didn't want any Christians around there. Sadie said she would go, but, first, please to let her pray with them. He didn't refuse and afterwards let his wife attend church.

[BIBLE WOMEN — MISS ETHEL M. ESTEY]

Kilsi, the woman who gives two-thirds of her time to the Lord, has travelled several thousand li this past year and there is no group and hardly any little, lonely, out-of-the-way place where believers dwell, but has seen her happy face and heard her earnest exhortations once or several times during the year. "When I think of God's grace to me I can not rest, but I feel I must go and make it known to others," has been her answer as, again and again, after long trips in the mountains she has returned for fresh traveling orders. She and another woman have just returned from an eight hundred li trip* and tell a thrilling tale of meeting insurgents in dangerous mountain passes, of lost roads found again through prayer and works, of persecutions and many other difficulties, but all overcome through God's grace, with great joy in the overcoming. From the far away places among the mountains where it would be impossible for us to visit—where one or two believers only are trying to follow the little light they have found in some way unknown to us, such messages of love and gratitude as I never have heard nor expected to hear have come thanking me for sending "Tithing Women" who have visited, taught, and encouraged these lonely seekers. Many of these women are doing this work at a great sacrifice. One young woman who has always been sheltered from hardships as known to Korean women, but who nearly perished in a storm while on her way for class work, wrote me this message, "Our bodies suffered much but there was such joy in serving the Lord Who loved us and bore the cross for us that we were happy. I never realized His cross and His fellowship before as I have this year." This same woman, prevented by illness from giving her whole "tenth" of time, wrote me not long ago saying, "Please tell me where to go as my heart is anxious lest I have not given all the time I promised."

All over the district among our women there has been a steady growth in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord as manifested in increased desire for study of the Word, in willingness of service, and in seeking to bring others to a like knowledge. Altogether on Yeng Byen District, 46 classes have been held since last September. In Pyeng Yang—by the Tithing Women—50 classes and in Seoul and vicinity 22.

[EVANGELISTIC WORK — MISSES MARY R. HILLMAN AND LULA A. MILLER]

We consider the training class work the most satisfactory in all our experience as evangelistic workers. Our plan is a modification of Miss Estey's method described at last Conference. It differs from Miss Estey's plan in that we furnished mimeographed copies not only for the women who came to us for training, but also for every woman in attendance on the classes conducted by our helpers provided she could read; we went to the different centers, in this way reaching and training more women than we could have induced to come to us at Chemulpo; we also carried the idea of self-support a little farther, giving no financial assistance except in two or three very needy cases. The women brought their rice with them and paid all the expenses while traveling to and from their appointments, over and above their tithe of time.

The Holy Spirit worked mightily in the hearts of the women in their preparatory two weeks of study. There was the same breaking down and crying out because of discovered sins in their hearts and lives, the same agony of prayer and glorious victory as characterized the great revival five years ago. Is it strange that when these dear women went out two by two the Holy Spirit used their messages in convicting of sin those whom they taught in the village churches? These volunteer workers felt their responsibility so great that one timid woman prayed the entire night through preceeding her first day's teaching, and another was so constantly in prayer the day before that her husband asked her what she had on her mind that she prayed so much. In some of the villages the men asked if they too might not come. Think of a Korean man begging the privilege of being taught by a Korean woman. Verily, the world is being turned upside down.

In one place, as a result of the teaching three men who were leaders in the church arose saying that they had been led to throw away tobacco during the class, and a young man who had fallen into drinking and had also deceived his father, that his sins might be covered, confessed all in the church and claimed victory. Of those who heard the message and decided for Christ, of those who had grown discouraged, but realized anew that following Christ was worth while, of those who confessed to sins in their lives, anger, hatred, malice and lukewarmness, of reconciliations and family reunions, resulting from the class work, only the recording angel has the complete record. Our Bible women and these volunteer workers held 96 classes.

Women's Study Course:—Last Conference we reported outlining a* four years' study course for those women in our churches who are wanting to study. At the completion of the prescribed course they will have studied and been examined on the entire New Testament, Mrs. Noble's booklet on the care of children, Elementary Physiology, Hygiene, Primary Geography and Letter Writing, and will be able to write the Chinese numerals to a thousand. Compared with their present attainments, this will be a liberal education. Forty-four women have completed the first year's course and have been granted certificates. Twenty of this number being Chemulpo women, we arranged that they receive their certificates at our school commencement when certificates and diplomas were given our school girls.

Chemulpo City Church:—The women of our city church have continued their record for zeal in service. Our unsalaried class leaders during the past eleven months have made 14,194 visits in the homes and have held 103 classes for the instruction of younger Christians in the different sections into which we have divided the city.

The study class reported last year continues to be a great help to our women. We have arranged their studies so that they are taking our prescribed study course outlined above. Our faithful Chinese teacher, Mr. Pak, continues to contribute largely to the success of the Society. Our city pastor has also taught them the Bible and other men of the church have generously assisted. The women of this Society have given 75.96 yen during the year toward the support of the day school teacher. That this money is very precious in the Lord's sight we cannot doubt when we remember that some of it represents a spoonful of rice taken from each meal's portion, put aside, at the end of the month sold, and the proceeds given for the education of their daughters.

[NOTE FROM MRS. SHARPE]

One place was visited during the winter that encouraged my heart, not because of the large numbers, but because of the faith of an old couple. Although the only Christians in the village, and neither of them can read, they can pray and sing. The number of hymns they have learned is wonderful and they sing them from the heart. They have a little grand-daughter, four or five years, whom they love very dearly and to whom they have taught these songs. The day I was there the grand-father told her to sing for me. She came into the room and in such an old fashioned way said, "What would you like for me to sing?" "Anything you know," I replied. She then sang five or six hymns through successively, beating time all the while with her little hand.

This same old couple through prayer have cured three people,—one being their daughter-in-law who was crazy, one a little four year old boy who had a deformed hip, and a woman who for seven years had been sick with some kind of stomach trouble. Although this woman's home is nearer another place of worship, she walks farther in order to come to this place because of her love for the old couple who have helped her and who have turned their home into a church where the Christians from the nearby villages meet every Sunday to worship God.

[역주] 각주(, 에스티 양 보고): "영국 마일로 266마일." 각주(, 힐만·밀러 보고): "가난한 여성과 소녀들이 공부를 원할 때 그들을 돕는 이 훌륭한 방법에 특별히 주의를 기울이고자 한다." / M.E. Mission=미감리회 선교부, Chong Dong=정동, Chemulpo=제물포(인천), Yeng Byen=영변, Pyeng Yang=평양. 본 발췌는 여러 여성 선교사의 개별 보고를 한데 모은 것으로, 각 소제목과 보고자 이름을 〔 〕로 구분하였다. 'Tithing Women(십일조 바치는 여성)'은 자기 시간의 십일조를 전도에 바치기로 서원한 한국 여성 자원 전도자를 가리킨다. 'Bible woman(성경 부인/전도 부인)' 참조. 노블 부인(Mrs. W. A. Noble)은 감리교 선교사 윌리엄 노블(노보을)의 부인이다.

While we have been rejoicing for years in the great change of attitude among Koreans in the matter of education generally and especially as regards woman's education, and have seen with pleasure the rapid and steady growth of our girls' schools, on the other hand it is being more and more forced upon us who are working among women, that the great majority of our Christian girls, not to mention unbelievers, are not getting even a grammar school education, not because their parents are opposed to it, but because they are so poor. They are

eagerly longing for schooling, it is to them the summum bonum, but light as are the expenses of our Christian schooling, they cannot afford them, or they cannot be spared from the service needed at home, and often as soon as they are old enough, they must be married off, that their struggling parents may be entirely relieved of their support. What can we do about this without harmfully interfering with the self-support methods that have been such a helpful and bracing stimulus to the Christians? As you all know there are literally thousands of Christian girls growing up without even a knowledge of reading, or if they have that, of almost nothing more. Even the simplest ideas of hygiene and sanitation, the commonest rules of caring for household and children, according to enlightened Christian custom are absolutely unknown to them. They can cook Korean food and make and wash Korean clothes, and work in the fields, nothing more.

Two or three ways in which we might help have been suggested. One would be night schools, held for short periods, and taught by girls in the mission academies wishing to help pay their way. One would be schools where poor girls could come for only a few hours each day, and during only a few months each year, when there is less work to be done at home. Such a school might be kept running the whole year, with different relays of teachers, and different classes of girls.

Again in the country villages, summer schools might be held, taught by graduates or pupils of our academies. Some boys in Songdo volunteered to teach in poor villages where a salary could not be paid, for their board alone, this might be suggested to our Christian Academy girls, and we feel sure those who could would respond most generously. In times when it might be necessary for the girls to work in the day time, such schools could be held at night. In Syen Chen an itinerant teacher is employed by several churches, and teaches their schools, each for a short time in turn.

For many of these poor girls a complete high school education would be neither necessary or desirable.

A few of the rudiments, such as are taught the children in the primary and grammar grades would suffice, with some simple instructions about health, cleanliness, nursing, bringing up children, housekeeping, and perhaps even embroidery or some thing by which they could earn a little money, if spare hours ever came. Even if enough voluntary teachers for the short term schools could not be found, the expense of such schools would be so much less that in some cases at least the parents could afford to pay a teacher's salary, and for the great majority of such girls, this sort of education would really be more useful and practicable as well as attainable, than that offered by our academies, which is more suitable for a special class and grade of girls.

Again it is no longer a matter of uncertainty that the government intend to insist on some kind of schooling for all, and those who are not provided for by the church will be forced to attend the public non-Christian schools.

We think all will agree that the need for the right kind of inexpensive schooling, attainable by the poorest, has as yet never been met by us, and that we ought to do something about it, and at once.

We shall pretty unanimously feel too, that of all the work we could do here, such a work would be most beneficial in the end to the Korean people as a whole, for nothing can compare with the importance of training the future mothers of the people, in knowledge of God, and all the simple but great duties that will devolve on them. L. H. UNDERWOOD.

[역주] Songdo=송도(개성), Syen Chen=선천. 'summum bonum'은 라틴어로 '최고선(最高善)'을 뜻한다. 'grammar school'은 보통학교 수준의 학교를 가리킨다. 글쓴이 L. H. 언더우드(Lillias Horton Underwood, 원두우 부인)는 본 잡지의 편집인이자 의료선교사이다. 본문에 언급된 '정부가 교육을 강제하려 한다'는 것은 한일병합 직후 조선총독부의 교육정책을 가리킨다.

The following paper reached us too late for the October issue but was presented to the Council's Committee on site for summer Bible school. It seems certain that Korea is the country for such a school for the Far East, its climate being better than that of China or Japan at that season. There are various localities here that offer attractions and it is believed that under God's guidance the committee will be led to unite on the most suitable. It must not be forgotten that if this great boon becomes possible it will be very largely thru the work of Dr. White, to whom, under God, our gratitude is due.

We regret that in the hurry and stress of the council business no one thought to express our thanks to Dr. White for the immense benefit he is contemplating conferring upon not only Korea but all the missionaries of this part of the world, a benefit both spiritual and physical. Sometimes we take our greatest blessings like salvation as a matter of course, and perhaps even set conditions on how if at all we shall accept them. But in this case we certainly do and shall more and more feel deeply grateful to our noble benefactor and we know we are speaking for all who will share in it when we say that words cannot express our thanks for his inspired thought of good for the East.—ED.

[역주] 본 단락은 편집인(릴리어스 H. 언더우드)이 화이트 박사(Dr. Wilbert White, 본 호 '소식과 인물 동정'에도 등장)가 추진한 극동 지역 여름 성경학교 설립 구상에 대해 감사를 표한 부기(附記)이다. 'Council's Committee(공의회 위원회)'는 장로회 선교공의회의 소위원회를 가리킨다.

A very precious privilege is granted to the missionaries resident in Wonsan, and others who spend their holiday month in that charming summer resort, in the Annual Bible Conference of one week's duration, which is becoming a feature of Wonsan and one of its strong attractions to visitors.

In spite of the difficulties of the journey, every year brings a number of missionaries from the west coast, from Japan and China, to enjoy the delights of Wonsan Harbor, and to participate in this week of spiritual refreshing.

For the past two years parties of missionaries have rented a large vacant house close by the sea, with spacious grounds that permit of rest and quiet, and here the Conference has gathered finding pleasure also in an opportunity for sea-bathing after the daily sessions, and in the charm of soft lapping waves or of strong surf sounding in the ears while studying the Word or lunching on the beach or the well-shaded lawns.

So far no famous Bible teachers have been present, yet God has given messages of inspiration through the lips of His missionary children tired and taxed though they have been by the year's work, and He has made them very conscious of His presence in quiet hours of meditation and prayer.

The aim has been, not so much to accomplish an amount of difficult study, as to wait before Him whose ambassadors they are, for the changed strength by which they may "mount up with wings as eagles, run and not be weary, walk and not faint."

A committee is chosen each year to decide upon a programme which shall best meet the needs of the Conference, and thus a variety of themes is presented in the choice of Old Testament studies of Law or Prophecy, quiet talks on prayer, inspirational addresses, or vital matters relating to practical work. Among the missionaries assembled are usually found those who can rest and uplift others in song, and the hours of praise have become a true pleasure.

Many requests for prayer are brought in from day to day, representing often the stress and strain of a year's work. Condensed into a single sentence are matters that have meant hours of "strong crying and tears," for which burdened hearts long for help and sympathy of others who know how to pray.

Hours between sessions gave an opportunity for united prayer to those who desired that privilege, as well as a time for inquiry about deeper spiritual experiences, and the result has been blessing and victory for many. Last year the spirit of prayer throughout the conference days resulted in the forming of a prayer union among those attending, by which China, Japan and Korea have been bound together in loving fellowship and sympathy. This year the circle was widened as a party from Japan joined and a dear sister from China who is eager to carry back inspiration to her native helpers from this land of revival fame. The friends from Japan found more than a holiday share of work in the Japanese settlement and had the joy of seeing some good fruit from their special meetings.

There were over thirty of us in all, most of whom attended every session of the Conference, besides a number of dear babies who played meanwhile on the beautiful beach. A morning service of praise and testimony with a deep tone of thanksgiving for new lessons learned, new strength received, new blessings claimed and new victories won, with an afternoon communion service of true solemnity, filled the second Sunday, and brought to a close the week to which many had looked forward during the year, and in which God came graciously near to some of His weary workers.

Others in Korea may be glad to know of the spiritual recreation to be had in Wonsan during the first week of August, and may plan to share in it in coming summers. Some who remember the early years of the Conference and the revival which then began among the missionaries and spread farther into we know, are praying that God may use it in the future even in the measure that Keswick has been made a blessing on the other side of the globe.

Ham Hung, Korea. ELIZABETH A. McCULLY.

[역주] Wonsan=원산, Ham Hung=함흥. 'Keswick(케직)'은 영국 케직에서 열리던 사경회/성결 운동 집회로, 세계 복음주의 영성 운동에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 인용된 성구는 이사야 40장 31절이며, '강한 부르짖음과 눈물'은 히브리서 5장 7절의 표현이다. 엘리자베스 A. 매컬리(Elizabeth A. McCully)는 함흥 주재 캐나다 장로회 선교사이다. '원산'은 1903년 원산 부흥 운동의 발상지로, 1907년 평양 대부흥의 전조가 된 곳이다.

The members of the Presbyterian Mission held their Annual Meeting this year in Pyeng Yang, where they were most hospitably entertained by the resident missionaries, the completion of the beautiful new building of the girls' academy making it possible to accommodate guests much more comfortably than before.

Besides the regular members of the mission there were quite a number of guests, among whom were Dr. and Mrs. Winn, parents of Mr. George Winn, and Mrs. Erdman, Rev. and Mrs. Paton of S. China, Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Templeton of Portland, Oregon, with their daughter, Dr. and Mrs. Thornton Mills of Schenectedy, N.Y., parents of Miss Anna Rae Mills, Miss Jane Hyde of Nankin, China, and several others.

The new missionaries present, that is those just arrived, were Dr. and Mrs. Smith, to be stationed in Andong, Dr. Bigger in Kangai for the present, Miss Stevens for Syen Chen, and Miss Forsythe, trained nurse for Seoul. Mr. and Mrs. Bernheisel, Dr. and Mrs. Clark and Mr. and Mrs. Smith, all just returned from furlough, were welcomed.

The Governor of Pyeng Yang visited the meeting, made an address, and courteously invited the missionaries to a reception at his house. The Korean pastors and elders also gave a tea for the mission on Dr. Moffett's lawn, and one evening was given up to a musical entertainment in the woman's building. The ladies of the Methodist mission very kindly invited the married Presbyterian women to a tea party at one of their homes while the single women held a special meeting all their own at the house of Dr. Moffett.

The third of Sept., Sunday, on which the first session of the meeting was held, Mr. Sharpe, the previous chairman, presided and Mr. Rhodes of Kangai gave a most excellent sermon, after which all partook of the communion service.

One of the most interesting features of this opening session was the baptism of seven beautiful babies. We are sure everybody will want to know all about this.

They were Lucy Sooy Roberts, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. Stacy L. Roberts of Syen Chen, baptized by Dr. Moffett; Robert Howard Toms, son of Rev. and Mrs. J. T. Selwyn Toms, Seoul, baptized by Rev. Mr. Adams; Joseph Hayden Lampe, son of Rev. and Mrs. H. W. Lampe, Syen Chen; Gordon Lewis Winn, son of Rev. and Mrs. R. Winn of Fusan, both baptized by Dr. Winn of Dalney; Helen Francis Rhodes, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. H. A. Rhodes, Kang Kai; Roger Lee Mills, son of Dr. and Mrs. R. G. Mills, Kang Kai; Helen Margaret McCune, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. G. S. McCune, Syen Chun; these baptized by Dr. Underwood.

All the children behaved as small angels are popularly supposed to behave, not one of them cried a bit tho the rite was unmercifully prolonged for anxious parents and breathless audience, as well as for the infants, while frantic search was being made for the bowl of water which all the time was under the table.

They certainly must have felt that being so favored as to be Korean babies extra good behavior was due on their part, and they came up nobly to the requirements.

On Monday, the 4th, the regular business of the meeting began by the election of Rev. Mr. Ross of Syen Chen as Chairman, Mr. McCune as Secretary and Mr. Holdcroft as Assistant Secretary. It will be of course impossible in this little paper to give a detailed account of all that was done, so we can only outline in a very sketchy way some of the main proceedings.

A most interesting statistical sheet and diagrams of which we hope to give a copy elsewhere in this issue was presented by Mr. Koons who certainly had spent a vast amount of faithful labor on it. The main features of interest are the evidence of steady advance along all lines, the large amount of voluntary work done, the large percentage of gifts .75 cts. U.S. currency per adherent annually (adherents include all church attendants even children, and .75 cts. in Korea according to laborers' wage values, equals $3.75 in the United States). Also the very small number of girls in school compared with boys was very noteworthy.

The mission approved the Educational Federation and appointed representatives to it, also the Sunday-school Association and appointed Rev. Mr. Holdcroft their permanent representative in Korea.

Twenty-five thousand dollars was asked for as an appropriation for a Bible Institute in Taiku, it being understood that the money will come as a private gift and will in part be used as an endowment.

Permission was accorded to the directors of the school for missionaries' children in Korea to ask from private sources for an endowment fund of $200,000, for building, equipment, teacher's salaries and general annual expenses, the missionaries of course each to pay a reasonable sum for tuition and board of children.

After long and somewhat heated discussion it was also resolved to ask the Board to appropriate $25,000 for an endowment fund to assist needy country native Christian schools, on condition that such schools shall raise two-thirds of the endowment necessary, and that the church officers, the missionary in charge, the station and the mission executive committees approve of its being given in each particular case. The reason for the strong opposition was the fear of interference with the working of the self-support methods.

In accordance with Seoul's request for a Bible Institute the Evangelistic Committee recommended that permission be given to establish a Union Bible Institute, in that city, but with the following conditions:—

1.—That the institute shall be local to the stations in the vicinity of Seoul co-operating.

2.—That it shall be under control of a joint Board which shall be elected by and subject to the co-operating stations.

3.—That it shall be a Bible Institute only, entered upon equally by the co-operating parties without combination with a theological seminary.

4.—That our long accepted principles of self-support be kept to the front especially in the matter of aid to students.

The medical committee recommended that until Dr. and Mrs. Smith could go to Andong, Dr. Ernsberger be employed for one year to act as physician for that station.

The educational committee's recommendation that the Seoul Academy should be permitted to give one or two years of advance college work in connection with the two Methodist missions was passed by the mission.

The mission also have opened a station at Myriang, near Fusan, by removing Mr. and Mrs. Roger Winn and Miss Doris to that place.

The Rev. Mr. Greenfield now in America was appointed to work in Taiku instead of Seoul.

Dr. Clark was appointed mission statistician, various committees were elected and Seoul's invitation for the mission to meet there next year accepted, the meeting closing near midnight on Wednesday, the 13th inst.

[역주] Pyeng Yang=평양, Syen Chen/Syen Chun=선천, Andong=안동, Kangai/Kang Kai=강계, Fusan=부산, Taiku=대구, Myriang=밀양, Nankin=난징, Dalney=달네이(중국 다롄/대련의 옛 러시아식 지명 Dalny로 추정). 'Educational Federation(교육 연맹)', 'Sunday-school Association(주일학교 협회)', 'Union Bible Institute(연합 성경 학원)', 'endowment(기금)' 등의 용어가 쓰였다. 평양 도지사가 선교부 회의를 방문해 연설한 것은 병합 직후 총독부 행정 체제하의 상황을 보여 준다. 세례받은 일곱 아기는 모두 선교사 자녀들이다.

We have left for a separate paragraph the report of the woman's meeting, which took place on Wednesday and Thursday, the 6th and 7th. In response to the call of the committee, the papers read on the first day, were one from each station with regard to what seemed to its members its most urgent problems or its most important work.

On Wednesday, Mrs. Moffett was in the chair and conducted the opening devotional exercises. The papers read were as follows:—Woman's Work in Kangai, by Mrs. Blair; Some Thoughts about Woman's Work in Chong Ju, by Mrs. Miller; Some Thoughts about Woman's Work in Seoul, by Mrs. E. H. Miller; Home Bible Study Course in Chai Ryung, by Mrs. Whiting; A Phase of Woman's Work in Pyeng Yang, by Miss Best; Characteristic Features and Problems of Woman's Work in Syen Chen, by Mrs. Whittemore; The Past Year's Work among the Women of Taiku, by Mrs. Reiner; Work for Children, by Mrs. Welbon of Andong.

On the 2nd day, Mrs. Baird was in the chair and conducted the opening exercises. The papers read were mostly on education, tho Mrs. Blair read a very thoughtful article on "How to help the wives of pastors and church officers," and Miss Mills gave a very helpful talk on the woman's exchange plan, already noted in the FIELD. It was there moved and unanimously resolved to establish such an exchange with headquarters in Seoul.

Mrs. Toms was elected Secretary or Custodian, the idea being that all new helpful methods, ideas, lesson outlines, anything whatever found successful or useful in any work should be reported to Mrs. Toms, several mimeographed copies being sent, these noted as they come, in the FIELD, and ladies desiring to obtain them can do so by applying and sending postage. A small fee of about ten sen each annually was decided best to cover expenses of stationery, mimeographing, etc.

Miss Lewis, Miss Snook and Mrs. McCune, all read interesting papers on school work and Mrs. Underwood read one on the need of schools for the thousands of poor girls in Korea at present unable to obtain any kind of education.

After hearing the latter it was resolved to appoint a committee to bring this matter before the Educational Committee of the mission, and also to call the attention of other missions to the same.

All these papers are not in our hands, but we are giving as many of them as we can in the present issue, and congratulate our readers on the opportunity thus afforded.

[역주] Kangai=강계, Chong Ju=종주(청주로 추정), Chai Ryung=재령, Pyeng Yang=평양, Syen Chen=선천, Taiku=대구, Andong=안동. 본 단락은 북장로회 선교부 연례회의에 부속된 여성 모임의 기록으로, 앞에 실린 여러 여성 사역 보고(베스트·위트모어·블레어 등)가 이 모임에서 낭독된 것임을 보여 준다. 'woman's exchange(여성 교환)'는 여성 사역의 자료·방법을 선교지부 간에 공유·교환하는 제도를 가리킨다.