THE KOREA MISSION FIELD. VOL. VIII. OCTOBER, 1912. NO. 10.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY at Seoul in the interest of all the Evangelical Missions in Korea.

EDITOR.—LILIAS H. UNDERWOOD.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS.—Mrs. HUGH MILLER and Mrs. GERALD BONWICK. All editorial communications should be addressed to the Associate Editors, c/o the Tract House, Seoul.

BUSINESS MANAGER.—Mr. GERALD BONWICK, the Tract House, Seoul.

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, including postage to any part of the world, one yen, or 50 cents gold, or 2/1 English Currency. Business matters and Subscriptions should be addressed to Mr. Bonwick as above. Remittances from countries other than Korea and Japan should always be sent by Foreign Money Order or ordinary Bank cheque. Please do not send stamps or Inland Money Orders.

If preferred Subscriptions may also be sent to any of the following:—

In America. Dr. A. B. Leonard, 150 Fifth Ave., New York. Rev. J. E. McCulloch, 422 Park Ave., Nashville, Tenn. Mr. D. H. Day, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. Mr. Joseph Pinckney Durham, 1155 W. 30th St., Indianapolis, Ind. Rev. Ernest Hall, 920 Sacramento St., San Francisco, Cal.

In Great Britain. Mrs. Bonwick, 28 Weston Park, Crouch End, London, England.

SINGLE COPIES, 10 sen; three of same issue for 25 sen. PRINTED by Fukuin Printing Co., Kobe, Japan.

【역주】 판권면에 나타난 인명·지명: 릴리어스 H. 언더우드(Lilias Horton Underwood, 호러스 G. 언더우드의 부인)=편집인; 휴 밀러 부인·제럴드 본윅 부인=부편집인; Tract House=대리원(종교서회 관련 출판소, 서울); Fukuin Printing Co.=후쿠인(福音)인쇄소, 일본 고베. 'sen(센)'은 엔(円)의 1/100 단위.

NOTES AND PERSONALS.

단신 및 인물 소식

The Canadian Presbyterian Mission began its Annual Meeting on Sunday, August 14th, by a sermon from the Rev. A. F. Robb, the retiring chairman. On Monday the business sessions opened with Dr. Mansfield in the chair and Miss E. A. McCully and Miss Robb as secretaries. Problems of that undermanned but encouraging field were discussed and it is hoped that between the Eastern and Western Boards, workers may be sent out to care for the evangelization of the provinces for which this Mission is responsible. The Misses McCully go from Ham Heung to Song Chin and Miss Rogers from Song Chin to Ham Heung.

Dr. and Mrs. Underwood have returned from their hurried visit to England and America, looking much the better for the change of scene and air. They were accompanied by the Rev. and Mrs. A. A. Pieters, who had completed their home furlough, as well as by Mr. Horace Underwood.

For seven months the Associate Editors have directed the course of the "KOREA MISSION FIELD" and wish to express their warm thanks to those who have so cordially responded to invitations for contributions to these pages, as well as for the many kind personal messages that have been received from time to time. They are glad to announce that Mrs. Underwood will resume the Editorship with the November number.

The following missionaries have returned recently from furloughs:— Rev. and Mrs. A. A. Pieters; Rev. and Mrs. D. A. Bunker; Dr. and Mrs. H. C. Whiting; Rev. W. C. Kerr and his bride Mrs. Campbell.

We are glad to welcome the following new little recruits to the Mission forces in Korea:— James Bruce, son of Dr. and Mrs. Patterson of Kunsan. Alexander Sutherland, son of Rev. and Mrs. D. M. McRae of Ham Heung. William Anderson, son of Prof. and Mrs. W. A. Venable, Kunsan. A son to Dr. and Mrs. Daniel of Chunju. A son to Rev. and Mrs. Newland of Kwang Ju.

Dr. W. W. White and party, consisting of his wife, son, and trusted assistant teacher in the New York Bible School, Miss Caroline Palmer, arrived in Seoul the evening of August 23rd, from a Bible Study Class in Karuizawa, Japan. They were met by a number of their friends who were pleased to welcome them again into their midst.

The Bible Study Class was opened in Ewa girls' school Saturday, August 24, and closed the following Saturday; those attending manifested an earnest, prayerful desire to know more of God's Word and more of God's Will concerning them. Dr. White and Miss Palmer gave to the students unstintingly of their abundant knowledge of the Word and caused them to realize more deeply than ever the necessity of careful, thoughtful and continuous study of the Word of God.

The students waited impatiently for a report of progress with regard to the location and organization of a regular Summer Bible Conference to which they had been looking forward so anxiously, and were much disappointed that no report was forthcoming.

An impressive and crowded Meeting was held at the Y.M.C.A., Seoul, on August 29th simultaneously with the Funeral Service in London of the late General Booth. Colonel Hoggard presided and was supported by all the English officers of the Salvation Army in Korea. Dr. White, Bishop Murrah, Dr. Underwood, and Mrs. Hoggard were the principal speakers, and many official and diplomatic representatives were present. The Civil Governor, Mr. Yamagata, sent a magnificent wreath. A great and beautiful soul has passed on to his reward: one whose world-wide influence has been all for good and whose life's work has carried inspiration to countless workers on the Missionary field.

Mrs. M. Tate writes:— The 21st Annual Meeting of the Southern Presbyterian Mission was held in Kwang Ju from August 3rd to 13th, 1912. Owing to the difficulties of travel at that season of the year, and the sickness of some, there was a smaller attendance than usual. Nevertheless it was pronounced the "best meeting yet." That it might be so had been the special prayer of the members of the Mission during the past year. Sometimes these meetings are not always felt to be the spiritual help and uplift that they should be, because personal likes and the individual's own work and field loom up so large as to obscure the vision of the work as a whole, and what would be for the best interests and most permanent good of the whole work.

This year that spirit seemed almost entirely absent and the desire of all was to do what was for the advancement of the Kingdom in the whole field. Encouraging reports were presented from all the stations, though in some the work is not making the same rapid progress it did in former years. It seems to be a time of testing and sifting of the Church. The following statistics will show something of the status of the work:

No. of churches and meeting places, 332. No. of Communicants, 7,173. No. received this year, 1,331. No. of Adherents, 15,268. No. pupils in schools, 1,561. Native contributions (incomplete), ¥9,225.61.

The fifth station, Soon Chun, will be occupied this year as soon as the buildings can be put up. Rev. and Mrs. Preston and Rev. and Mrs. Coit and Miss Biggar, all of whom have been on the field for some years, together with Mr. Pratt, a doctor and trained nurse and another single lady, all of whom are to come out during the fall, will comprise the personel of the new station.

All the reinforcements and equipment asked for to fit the Mission for the evangelization of the territory assigned to it, has been provided and some of the new workers have already arrived. The others will be sent out during the fall and winter. This is a cause for great rejoicing and thankfulness; for some of us have labored and prayed long for this, and for many years have seen the work suffer for lack of workers, and while we fear that the time of greatest opportunity is past, we know that the Lord is still blessing the work and we believe that He will continue to do so.

The Kwang Ju choir furnished most beautiful music every day, which was much enjoyed and appreciated by all, and the visitors were royally entertained in the hospitable homes of Kwang Ju. The last night of the meeting was turned into a praise and testimony service and we all came away feeling that it was good to have been there and that we were better prepared to take up the work, and grapple with the problems of the coming year.

【역주】 지명·인명 로마자→한글: Ham Heung=함흥, Song Chin=성진(현 김책), Kunsan=군산, Chunju=전주, Kwang Ju=광주, Soon Chun=순천, Karuizawa=가루이자와(일본), Ewa girls' school=이화여학교. 'General Booth'=윌리엄 부스(William Booth), 구세군 창설자(1912년 8월 사망). 'Mr. Yamagata(民政長官)'=당시 조선총독부 정무총감 야마가타 이사부로(山縣伊三郎)로 추정. 남장로교 제5선교부 순천(順天) 개설(1913년 정식 개시)의 배경 기록.

THE BOYS' GARDEN ASSOCIATION.

소년원예회(少年園藝會)

The suggestion that the Young Men's Christian Association of Seoul undertake to develop among the boys of that city the activities that have been so successfully propagated by the Boy's Garden Associations of Baltimore Md., Dayton, Ohio and other American cities was received with enthusiasm by the four hundred and eighty-three lads who joined the "Association for Beautifying Homes with Plants."

PRELIMINARY EDUCATIVE MEASURES.

The persistence and energy which the Korean boys have shown in the matter is partly the result of a long series of lectures which were given on this theme. A number of excellent lantern slides accompanied by information as to what is being done in Baltimore and another group illustrating this same kind of activity as carried out by the National Cash Register Co. in Dayton, Ohio, have been used repeatedly by various lecturers.

On March 2nd Mr. J. S. Burgess of Peking, China, delivered the first illustrated address of the series to an audience of over five hundred men on "The Moral and Educative Aspects of Agricultural Activities." Four similar addresses were delivered to adults and three to boys prior to the organization of the Boys' Garden Association and thereafter every Saturday afternoon throughout the Spring months the members held a meeting in the auditorium of the Y.M.C.A. Their original enthusiasm has been kept alive by business meetings, lectures and practical talks on gardening and allied themes, delivered at these gatherings. Among the speakers have been officials from the Forestry Department of the Government who kindly gave practical talks on gardening. Hon. Yi Sang Chai, a Secretary of the First Korean Legation in Washington, various secretaries of the Seoul Young Men's Christian Association and other public spirited citizens have spoken along inspirational lines. About the time for planting the seed special invitations were sent to the parents of the members to attend a reception. On this occasion a full explanation of the Association and its advantages was given to them and they were urged to give sympathetic advice to their boys.

THE METHOD OF ORGANIZATION.

A Board of Trustees composed of six influential Koreans and Japanese and a member of the Foreign Staff of the Seoul Y.M.C.A. was appointed to take charge of the affairs of the Association. They prepared a constitution and gave a copy to each lad who paid his penny initiation fee. Four hundred and eighty three members joined and were given membership tickets after they had filled out the proper application blanks.

4,800, packages of flower seeds, put up in envelopes with colored illustrations and printed directions and representing some fifteen varieties of flowering plants were distributed free to the boys. Each member was given a limited number at a single time and a record of the variety and number recorded on his membership ticket. In a long list of places the best results come from seeds secured otherwise than from the Association. Five hundred and sixty pounds of fertilizer, of a rather strong type, was purchased and a small package given to each member. We recognize the fact that this was a very small beginning but the advantages of fertilizers was considerably advertised.

Through the months of April, May, June and July a Police Sergeant who had resigned his position on the Police force and who has had extensive experience in handling boys in connection with the Church and the Young Men's Christian Association, was employed as Director, giving full time to the administration of this work. He has made repeated visits to the homes and schools where the work has been undertaken and has faithfully given suggestions and kept things going. He has also worked in connection with the regular Young Men's Christian Association staff in arranging for the lectures and meetings.

EXTENT OF THE WORK.

Of the 483 boys who joined the Association 278 have actually done good work. The balance seem, in many instances, to have prepared the soil and planted their seed but are unable to show good results. There are various reasons for this. Sometimes the boys were too young or met with no encouragement at home. The idea is novel and there was some doubt among those who do not know us as to whether we were seriously in earnest. The Trustees and Board of Judges say that if we continue it next Spring it will have an even greater success than it has had this year. Four schools have set apart tracts of land and given each scholar a small plot to cultivate. In one of these schools the students were bothered by the neighborhood boys overrunning their gardens after school hours. The scholars therefore held a meeting and appointed groups of three and four to stand on guard by turn from the closing hour of school until after dark. Other similar instances indicating interest in their gardens may be quoted. In a number of places the boys have fenced in their plots. One of the second prize winners is an errand boy who secured permission from his employer to start a garden in the latter's compound. He did the work in odd moments while waiting for orders from the office.

PRIZES.

The Board of Trustees agreed to give two hundred and fifty yen ($125.00 U.S. gold) as prizes to one hundred and eighty six individuals if five hundred boys entered the competition and did faithful work to the end. As only two hundred and seventy-eight have been faithful they have cut down the number of prizes proportionately. A civic mass meeting was held Monday evening July 15th at which addresses were made by the Hon. Yi Sang Chai, Secretary of the former Korean National Cabinet, Mr. S.M. Choi and others. Prizes were presented to 149 boys. One first prize of twenty-five yen, eight second prizes of five yen each and one hundred and forty third prizes of one yen each. After the presentation one of the happy winners enthusiastically moved a vote of thanks to the man in Baltimore who had suggested the organization of this enterprise in Seoul and when the Chairman put the vote the crowd of six hundred boys and three hundred and fifty mothers and fathers raised the roof with a shout of "YÆ". A Princeton man who happened to be present said this meeting was "the best thing" he had seen in the city. The program

ended with a stereoptican exhibition, the slides for which were made in our own School of Photography. They were nicely colored and represented various prize winners standing in the midst of the garden each had planted and tended. On the day following this meeting a group photograph was taken of all the prizewinners.

The Officers of the Seoul Young Men's Christian Association agree that the feasability of the plan of "The Boys' Garden Association" has been demonstrated for the city of Seoul. It furnishes a splendid basis for getting hold of and controlling Korean boys. It has aroused the enthusiasm of influential Korean citizens as well as the boys and has been of great value to the Young Men's Christian Association from an institutional standpoint. Its primary utility lies in the fact that it is an unsurpassed educator of industrious habits in boys but it also develops pride in the home, love of the beautiful, willingness to labor and an appreciation of the dignity of labor, together with a valuable knowledge of practical affairs.

More than half of the homes from which these boys come have hitherto had no relationship with the Churches of the city. As a result of these activities the fathers and mothers have gotten acquainted with the Association leaders and welcomed them repeatedly to their homes. A large number of the boys have regularly attended Boys' Bible classes and other meetings at the Association.

【역주】 'Yi Sang Chai'=이상재(李商在, 1850-1927), 독립협회·YMCA 지도자, 워싱턴 주재 초대 주미 한국공사관 서기관 역임. 'Mr. S.M. Choi'=최씨 성의 인사(이름 미상). 'YÆ'는 한국어 "예!"(긍정/환호)의 음역. National Cash Register Co.=미국 오하이오주 데이턴 소재 금전등록기 회사. 화폐: 1엔=미화 약 0.5달러(금화 기준). 서울 황성기독교청년회(현 서울YMCA)의 소년 원예·근로교육 사업 기록.

MEDICAL REPORT OF KWANGJU STATION.

광주 선교부 의료 보고

By R. M. WILSON, M.D. (R. M. 윌슨 의학박사)

Should a patient at home say to a doctor "Shall I put this medicine under my rice or on top of it," he would be somewhat puzzled as to what was meant, but this is only a Korean's way of saying "before or after meals." The Korean way of thinking and speaking is very very different from ours; instead of bringing in an average attendance in his report our Sunday school secretary gave the average absences. That's just their way.

We are thankful for several things this year but most of all for our new hospital building, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Graham in memory of their daughter Miss Ellen Lavine, after whom it is named. The building was finished in January and we entered it in February. It is a three-story, grey brick structure beautifully located on a hill in front of the compound, with plenty of room on all sides, a good well in front and the dispensary on one side.

Another reason for thanks is that the home for lepers now under construction will be finished about the middle of September. The Mission to Lepers in India and the Far East is giving the money for the building and are to support it, our mission having charge of the running of it. This will be the means of great blessing as there are so many lepers in this part of the country. For the past three years we have cared for a few in a little building near the compound and in this way relieved them of the task of dragging their bundles of sores from place to place to beg a living. It is truly a horrible disease, more so than you can imagine and all dread it. Only to-day a young man of standing who has been the leader at one of our strongest country churches consulted me about a spot on his face which I find to be leprosy. Many patients are waiting for the time for them to enter this home and recently I saw a party of them out inspecting their future place of abode and this hope caused their faces to shine with joy. This to a leper is something entirely new—a home and a place where they are expected and welcomed. Any one desiring to learn more of this work can consult Mr. W. M. Danner, 105 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.

Again we were all thankful for the coming of our nurse Miss Shepping who arrived in March and took a very sick missionary into her charge on the day of her arrival.

EVANGELISTIC.

We try to make the medical work primarily a means of bringing Christ to those who know Him not. It is the duty of all on the staff to preach as opportunity offers, but we have two whose duty it is to give all their time to evangelistic work. Mr. Pak preaches all the morning at the dispensary, and the afternoon at the hospital; he also teaches the lepers and leads morning and evening prayers at the hospital. Mrs. Nam, who is well informed on the Bible, teaches the women at the dispensary and hospital. On the back of every prescription is a tract about the plan of salvation and we try and sell a gospel to all who come. We sell many pamphlets about care of infants, tuberculosis and such diseases and these usually end up with a gospel story. It is a comfort to be able to look over the congregation and see the faces of many who first heard the gospel while at the dispensary.

On the native staff are four young men, two nurses and a cook; all seven are Christians and my first assistant Mr. Chai is an elder in the church. Two of our boys are attending the Union Medical School in Seoul and give the promise of making good doctors.

Until the arrival of Miss Shepping we had no nurse, but Mrs. Wilson has been in charge of this part of the work, supervising the sewing, laundry, and such work that only a lady properly understands. She has done much toward the comfort of the women and children and especially in distributing condensed milk to the sick and starving babies over the city. Korean mothers do not understand the proper care of infants, feed them on any but the proper thing when sick and consequently the great majority of them die in infancy. Mrs. Wilson has found the phonograph of great service in cheering the patients. Through Mr. Cameron Johnson phonographs have been sent to many of our stations which are great blessings, not only to the natives but to the missionaries.

For three years the Christians have been requesting that we hold a clinic at Chiju (Quelpart), a large island a hundred miles south of Mokpo, so we made a trip down there in May. Mrs. Wilson held Bible classes for two hours during the morning and singing in the evenings with a good attendance. Our babies were the first white babies to visit there and attracted considerable attention. Chiju is a beautiful rugged island covered with a peculiar kind of lava stone and almost every house, fence and wall is built of this material. I was told that there were three things that were especially fierce down there, the wind, women and dogs. The winds are very strong, so that the grass roofs have to be tied on with a sort of lattice work of rope the size of one's arm. Sometimes for weeks or even months boats cannot enter on account of the winds. The dogs are rather fierce as compared to the ordinary native curs which are the greatest cowards you can imagine; shake your clothes a little and they run like a shot. Down there the dogs are used to catch wild dogs and other animals. The Chiju women do not vote but there is no question as to who are in authority. The women are very strong and muscular, do most of the work such as farming, fishing and carrying the loads. As the land is so covered with this volcanic stone and farming is poor they live chiefly by fishing and gathering seaweed, pearls, oysters and the like, and this work is done by the women. They swim out about a half mile or more carrying a gourd, sack and sickle. The sickle to cut the seaweed with, the sack to hold the catch and the gourd to float it all home with. After diving for about two hours they return to the shore where they kindle a fire and from fifty to a hundred gather about to rest, warm and talk. Here they often play games like children and one of the games we saw was for a woman to go around the crowd and each one spit in her hand. This she mixed with charcoal and suddenly smeared in some one's face. I was told that a well dressed foreigner while watching their performances laughed at their scarcity of clothes. This was resented so the crowd grabbed him, tore off his clothes and sent him off in dress similar to their own.

The interesting part of the trip to me was the medical work for they came in great crowds, and it was all that four of us could do to keep them quiet, they were so anxious to be treated and afraid they might be left. The second night there I was carried to attend a man choking; found him in the street unconscious and hardly able to breathe. After working some time he seemed pulseless and all thought him dead and stretched him out on the ground, but I decided to make another desperate effort to reach the obstacle and this time pulled out a piece of half-cooked beef about the size of his hand. By artificial respiration and hard work he was breathing naturally in about a half hour. By this time a large crowd had gathered and my assistant offered a prayer of thanks that was a splendid sermon in itself. We had from fifty to seventy patients at the morning clinics and three or four operations each afternoon. We had to have clinic and operation in a shed on the street where all could see as they passed, there being no way to shut off the view, so it caused great amazement to see the results of cocain and chloroform. There were so many specially sad cases—young girls totally blind, blind babies, old tumors, ulcers and many other conditions easily cured if only seen in time. Chiju is a mission point of the native Korean church and they support down there a pastor, evangelist, and Bible woman and all are Koreans. They have a splendid little church of about 150 in attendance also two other churches in the villages. Ye moksa is the preacher in charge and is doing a fine work and stands well with the people.

Rather an amusing case was that of a patient who came last week with a note from one of the missionaries saying "the gentleman wishes glasses. Please fit him up and I will stand for the bill." I asked "what is the matter with your eyes?" and he replied, "The tears constantly flow down my cheeks." Without any further questioning I put him on the operating table and did the usual operation of cutting and dilating the tear ducts. After all this was over he said. "It was not I who wanted glasses, but a friend in the country. I just came to get them for him." It quite often happens that one gets a big dose of unpleasant medicine down a patient before he thinks of telling you that it's for the other fellow." A westerner's actions are often quicker than an oriental's thoughts and often too quick.

Our chief need now is a place for the infectious diseases and a tubercular ward. There is no greater privilege than to minister to the wants of consumptives and preach the gospel of Christ to them during the last days of their suffering. With proper quarters and care many of them could be cured if seen in time. We have a very bright boy now in this condition and the only place for him is in the vestibule of the hospital so there he sleeps. Since coming to the hospital he has become an earnest little Christian and his smiling cheerful countenance would do a bilious man good. All are fond of Sungea. Another little boy we kept in one of the dispensary rooms for over a year until his death. The day before his death he said to his poor old mother "How terrible it would have been had we never come here and heard of Christ. We would both have been lost. I am now going on to heaven where I shall wait for you. The only thing I am sorry about is to have to leave you." "Yes" she said "you will soon be in that beautiful heaven so don't worry about me and the things of this old world." Another consumptive was here only a few days but was taught the Word daily and received attention from kind hands until his death. A building to cost about three hundred dollars is all we need.

I have completed the building work assigned me, had charge of the industrial work of the boys' school and charge of one of the Sabbath Schools. We taught tinning work, tailoring, farming, and the making of native grass shoes, native leather shoes and foreign leather shoes. The boys can make good furniture, and it is now not necessary to bring from home such things as chairs, tables, book cases, desks and other mission furniture. I trust that next year the mission will see fit to relieve me of this other work and allow me a free hand with the sick where there is plenty of work for two men.

【역주】 필자 R. M. 윌슨(Robert Manton Wilson, 우일선/우월순)=광주 제중원(현 광주기독병원) 원장, 여수 애양원 나병 사역의 선구자. 'Miss Shepping'=서서평(徐舒平, Elisabeth J. Shepping) 간호선교사. 지명: Kwangju=광주, Mokpo=목포, Chiju(Quelpart)=제주도, Cambridge·Mass.=미국 매사추세츠. 'Union Medical School'=세브란스연합의학교. '606'은 살바르산(매독 치료제). 제주 해녀(海女) 풍습과 1910년대 초 제주 자립 교회에 관한 귀중한 민족지(民族誌)적 기록.

ITINERATING IN THE NORTH.

동북부 순회 전도

M. Maud Rogers (M. 모드 로저스) — Ham Heung, August 24, 1912

Ham Heung, August 24, 1912. / TO THE EDITORS OF THE "KOREA FIELD." / Dear Editors:

Thinking that some of your readers might be interested in our work here in the north-east of Korea, I venture to write you a short account of a little trip taken among the mountains of Kapsan and Samsu counties.

We left Songchin on the morning of May 16th with an unusual number of horses, three pack and one saddle horse necessitated by the fact that a two months' trip was contemplated. After three days travelling over mountains, each of which seemed higher than the last, we arrived at Kochindong, the first group on this road, after leaving Songchin. We were welcomed by foreigners here as well as by Koreans, as this is the base of operations of the Kapsan mining concession. A pleasant week was spent with the church here, twenty women attending the classes held three times a day for the study of first John. At the close of the classes one of the women inquired if it was true that the hours of day in this land were hours of night in the homeland of the teacher, and vice versa; all were much interested in a little lesson on physical geography.

After leaving Kochindong we travelled two days to the banner church in this field, Chung Pyung. Ten li out from the town we were met by the sixteen or eighteen school girls, who had been waiting several hours with a large number of the women of the church, and a few of the men. We always feel that the warmth of welcome and zeal for study shown by the women of this group and those around it, compensates fully for the five days of hard travelling from Songchin. Fifty-five women and girls enthusiastically studied for the eight days of our stay, only regretting that they could not continue as long again. We were fortunate in obtaining two rooms, in one of which a small camp stove was set up, and so we were proof against many of the usual discomforts of a long trip, such as mouldy or dry bread, and poorly prepared food. This being a market town, good opportunities were available for special preaching. Evening prayermeetings were conducted in turn by the elder, leader and evangelist of the church and my own helper.

Our next class was held in a village twenty li away, where women to the number of about twenty gathered from some four or five nearly villages for three days study. We returned to Chung Pyung our head quarters, and after a day of preparation and a day's delay on account of rain, left for a group twenty four miles north, among the mountains. This is a small group, but so far away from fellowship with other Christians, that we felt an effort must be made to visit them. On our return to Chung Pyung a day was spent in preparing food, etc, for our return journey to Songchin, as we were to visit several groups on the way, and the stove must be sent home ahead. Leaving Chung Pyung, all our friends assured us that there would be only one small pass in the eighty li to our destination. Accordingly we looked forward to an easy trip, and were rather amazed to find there were three, and all rather stiff passes. Crossing one pass, where the road ran around the side of the mountain for some distance, we came upon a party of about seven or eight horsemen, who were struggling in an attempt to rescue a horse, which had fallen over the side of the road, while fighting with another horse, and was in danger of falling down from among the trees where it had fortunately been caught into the river, some hundreds of feet below. After many struggles and much shouting the horse was rescued with the help of the men in our party, and no doubt a man's living again assured to him.

A pitiable sight was that of an old man and his wife travelling on foot from their home near Ham Heung to Heisan, refusing alike our offer to relieve them of their loads as long as we should be together and the offer held out of being relieved of the heavier burden of sin, saying that they had often heard the gospel preached and would have none of it. Our journey was ended the next day and we found ourselves at Samundong on the top of a mountain, which, on account of its height, the Koreans say is the third place in point of nearness to heaven. We spent a happy three days in study with the women of several nearby villages gathered here. Leaving Samundong we went to Tongpangkol which was reached after travelling from eight o'clock a.m. to nine p.m. although only seventy li,* the long time occasioned by difficult roads and poor horses. Here we found a woman who had come from Pyeng An Province to live with her son about three years ago, and beginning with her own household, had been the means of establishing a group, which, while not very large—about fifty in all—is most encouraging as regards desire to know more of the truth, and earnestness in living up to their knowledge. Four days were all we could give this group, but our hope is that the seed sown may be nourished and spring up to bear fruit in even a keener desire to study the Word of Life.

On our way home we spent five days at a place where the Christians work as one man with their consecrated leader, giving promise of becoming a most successful group which shall bring great honor to the name of our Master.

In our trip of seven weeks, we travelled about 350 miles, visiting eight groups and gave some little instruction in the Word to 157 women, which we pray may create a desire for a deeper knowledge and a life lived nearer to our Saviour. / * One English mile is about three li.

We were glad to get home again, although we find country work the most enjoyable of the varied phases of work in this land. We give thanks to God for health sustained during long journeys under trying conditions, and pray that some little may have been done to bring glory to His Name and honor to His Church. / Thanking you for what space may be accorded this lengthy epistle, / I am, / Yours in the service of the Master, / M. MAUD ROGERS.

【역주】 필자 M. 모드 로저스(M. Maud Rogers)=캐나다 장로교 여선교사, 성진·함흥 기반. 지명: Ham Heung=함흥, Songchin=성진(현 김책), Kapsan=갑산, Samsu=삼수, Heisan=혜산, Pyeng An Province=평안도. 'li(리)'=약 0.4km(필자 주: 1마일≈3리). Kochindong(고진동)·Chung Pyung(중평)·Samundong(사문동)·Tongpangkol(동방골)은 함경도 갑산·삼수 산간의 소촌으로 현재 정확한 위치 비정 곤란. 갑산 광산 이권(鑛山利權)은 당시 외국 자본 광산 개발을 가리킴.

A SUMMER'S WORK AT KANG KEI.

강계에서의 여름 사역

By H. A. RHODES (H. A. 로즈)

Because of favorable climatic conditions we are able to continue a large part of our work even during the summer months, up until the middle of August, when the missionary force depart on a month and a half-leave of absence for Presbytery, General Assembly, Annual Meeting, Federal Council, Medical Association Meeting, etc.

This year we carried on quite a pretentious program in the way of a Summer Normal School, a month's study for our men helpers and women helpers (Bible women) and our annual officers' class aside from this we were busy with the erection of the Potter Memorial Bible Institute Building and Mr. Blair had much extra work because he was getting ready to go home on furlough.

The Summer Normal School is an annual event but more largely attended and with much better work done this year than usual. Many who cannot attend High School and who cannot go away to school welcome the opportunity to spend a month in study in the normal school. The presence of a Pyeng Yang College student as head teacher and the help given by missionaries proves attractive. An attendance of twenty-five this year, in four grades, with a class of nine who received diplomas for finishing the six years' course created quite an educational atmosphere in church circles and was a decided benefit to our work. A somewhat elaborate commencement exercise had been planned, but owing to the Emperor's death was dispensed with.

The month's study for our helpers and Bible women arose out of the fact that for one reason or another only one of the number succeeded in getting to Pyeng Yang last spring for study in the Theological Seminary and in the Women's Bible Institute. We felt that in view of their usefulness in the work during the coming year, some study was absolutely essential.

Accordingly we took on this extra burden and had for help on the teaching staff, Rev. Cyril Ross of our Syen Chun Station and a Korean Pastor Rev. Mr. Kim, of An Ju who came primarily to help in the local church for two months. Our aim was to give a good stiff course of a theological and Bible Institute nature laying a great deal of emphasis on spiritual matters owing to certain occurrences in the history of our work during the last year. The attendance was fourteen and the experiment seems to have accomplished all that we had hoped. Of course it would be regrettable if the Theological Seminary and Bible Institute at Pyeng Yang should no longer prove attractive to our helpers and Bible women but we feel that our success was not so great as that and besides we held out no promise that we would repeat the experiment in the future.

However the erection of the Potter Memorial Bible Institute Building opens up large possibilities in the development of our work, allows us to plan for a more systematic training of all our church leaders, and to adopt a plan of Bible Institute work that will fit into some uniform plan of Bible Institute work for the whole church in Korea. Events are fast moving us toward the realization of such a plan. Our Summer Officers' Class in August is always the climax of our year's work. Owing to our isolation our "Sichalwiwon" is given large powers by Presbytery so that our deliberations and decisions are somewhat formal and in many cases final, and the training our officers get in this class is by way of preparation for the time when we will be a separate Presbytery which seems not far in the future. At this class the results of the last year's work are made known and plans for the coming year's work are decided. During the last year we realized that there had been a falling off in our adherents in certain sections of our territory but in gathering up the statistics discovered that the total was about the same as last year (about 4500). Our work in Manchuria has grown rapidly so that our missionary pastor (Korean) and his two helpers find themselves quite unable to take care of it owing to the extent of the field. Over 1000 Christians are reported from that section of our territory. Our Christians are meeting for worship in eighty-two different places, which is six times as many as Mr. Blair found when he came to this territory six years ago. During the year, in fifty one Bible classes of four to ten days each we had an attendance of 2577 while there was an attendance of about 1000 in Bible classes of from one to three days. Voluntary preaching enough to keep one man busy for ten years was pledged. Great care was taken to see that the pledges were fulfilled. Altogether the year just closing was much the best we have had in our work.

There is no need to dwell on plans for the future except to say that emphasis is to be made on Bible Study in classes of four days or over, and on voluntary preaching, the maximum for an individual to be ten days and an officer appointed in each church to see that the pledges are carried out. Our school helper will continue to do invaluable work along the line of organizing our schools and seeing to it that they conform to government regulations.

Because of several women helpers well trained our woman's work is already highly developed and will continue to be one of the special features of our work. Our work is demanding large plans for high school work for both girls and boys, but as yet financial obstacles are insurmountable. To be sure we would welcome even a more rapid development in our work, but with our present force we fail to see how we could take care of it. The Head of the Church will give what is best and we will be content. So far there is much to encourage us along every line of our work.

【역주】 필자 H. A. 로즈(Harry A. Rhodes, 노해리)=북장로교 선교사, 강계 선교부. 'Mr. Blair'=윌리엄 블레어(William N. Blair, 방위량). 'Potter Memorial Bible Institute'=강계 포터 기념 성경학원. 'Sichalwiwon'=시찰위원(視察委員). 'Emperor's death'=일본 메이지(明治) 천황 사망(1912년 7월 30일)으로, 당시 한국은 일제 강점하에 있어 그 영향이 교회 행사에까지 미침. 지명: Kang Kei=강계, Pyeng Yang=평양, Syen Chun=선천, An Ju=안주, Manchuria=만주.

PERSONAL REPORT 1911-1912.

개인 보고 1911-1912

A. G. FLETCHER, M.D. (A. G. 플레처 의학박사)

The first three months June, July and August were spent in our new station, Andong. It had been but a short time since the foreign missionary had taken up his abode there and thus in the eyes of the natives, his mode of living in houses with large glass windows, which admitted lots of sunshine, cooking on stoves, sleeping on beds, etc. in fact all of his action were very interesting, extremely wonderful, and certainly worth going a long distance to see. Especially was this true of the foreign physician, with his sugar-coated pills, bright, clear liquid drugs and sparkling instruments. For the so-called native doctor has but the crudest and vilest tasting medicine, and his supposed—"to-cure-all," but more frequently "kill-me-quick" lance. Not only was it intensely interesting and satisfactory from a professional stand-point to have a part in introducing modern healing as best we could with limited facilities, and thus bringing relief to many, who had suffered much and who would otherwise have become invalids for life, but it was a source of much joy and comfort to note their high appreciation of our efforts and to know that practically every physical ailment healed meant another new convert, for here our constituency was almost entirely heathen.

After our annual meeting, I again returned to Taiku and in September again resumed medical responsibility for the station. Quoting from the pamphlet, "A Decade of God's Work In Taiku," "The medical work of the station has shown the least progression of any of the departments. This is due to the fact that it has suffered most in its manning and equipment. For some years, Dr. Johnson worked in a small mud-wall, thatch-roof building which had previously been a Korean coolie's dwelling. Dr. Johnson was then attacked with typhus fever from which he was unable to recover here and returned to America on sick leave. Dr. Null took his place, and before he even mastered the language, he was stricken with a puzzling disease which finally took him to the homeland. Miss Cameron was appointed in 1905 but resigned in 1908, and was succeeded by Miss MacKenzie, who in turn was compelled to return to America on account of ill-health. The first hospital built in 1903 was soon condemned and was rebuilt in 1905. Naturally the number of patients attending the hospital varied greatly during these years; in 1899 a total of 200, or less than an average of one per day are recorded, 1901 shows a total blank, and 1910, which had the largest attendance of any year, shows a daily average of twenty. Alas, for many reasons, the attendance dropped, but in September and October 1911 there was a daily average of but nine or ten." Despite the fact that we have as yet no dispensary building, and have had to use one floor of the hospital for dispensary purposes, thus leaving little accommodation for female patients, during the past eight months, by personally seeing all new patients and caring for all classes of cases, medical and surgical, as best we could under the circumstances, our work has rapidly grown so that the past month we have had a daily average of 36 patients. When we think of the rapid growth of the past few months and our still present constant growth, and the almost boundless limits within which we have to grow, we are fully persuaded that Taiku, if properly manned, and equipped, bids fair to have one of the largest medical works in Chosen. According to apportionment of territory, we have a constituency of over one million. Estimating total responsibility of the Presbyterian Church, North in Chosen, between four and five millions distributed among nine stations, we have as much as two average stations, or between one fourth and one fifth of the Presbyterian constituency in Chosen. Our hospital is the only foreign hospital in this city of 50,000, one of the three largest cities in Chosen. The other two large cities, Seoul and Pyeng Yang have at least three foreign medical plants each.

Taiku is also the old capital and present commercial center of the south, thus having a prestige and drawing a clientele from hundreds of miles in all directions. Taiku is also the natural center of missionary activity in the development of higher educational institutions in the Kyeng Sang provinces, thus involving additional responsibility in the way of teaching along the lines of hygiene, sanitation, and preventitive medicine. It is also located in the midst of leper and tubercular districts thus involving another responsibility in the way of accommodating, educating, and doing experimental and research work among this class of patients. Although practically every day a distorted and disfigured leper, pleads with us in the most pitiful way to do something for him, often telling how he has been turned out of his home, by his relatives, who feared the disease, being thus left to beg for a living and sleep out-of-doors or under the rudest shelter he may find. Although he offers to become our slave the rest of his life, if necessary, to be cured, we are as yet unable to do much for him, and must turn him away with little encouragement. Then too, we see on every side, the ravages of the "white plague," the poor emaciated child with large cold abscesses, infection of the skin with large ulcerating surfaces, painful and stiffened joints, with old suppurating fistula and dead bone; the consumptive, coughing, spitting and infecting all about him—these two classes constituting but a small part of an endless variety of diseases with which the Koreans suffer. For not only are there diseases here which we do not see in America, but the number of real physicians practising in the country, is so small that the people are usually compelled to come from great distances for consultations and thus the cases become more aggravated and chronic, than is ever seen in the homeland. For instance, while writing this report, we have in the hospital, a little boy five years old who was brought 140 miles, his parents walking all the way carrying the boy most of the time on their backs, completing the journey in eight days. They told how the child had been sick with measles two years ago and ever since his eye had been inflammed, and several months ago it had begun to swell and protrude from the eye socket. They also said, "We have only two yen left and it will cost us all of that and more too for food on the road home. But if you will free our boy from this eye disease and from suffering pain, we will gladly beg our living while here and on the road home and give you the two yen." An examination revealed a much swollen, inflammed and intensely painful eye-ball protruding about two inches and wrapped with cheap Korean paper which had prevented the escape of the accumulated secretions until the foul odor emitted was almost unbearable. Upon removal of the affected eye, the little fellow was freed from pain and is now quite happy. The parents were reluctant about becoming Christians as there were none in the region where they lived, but finally promised to do so, and preach to all their relatives and neighbors.

Then too, we have among our patients two blind men who had not seen for several years. When the cataracts, and thus the veils which had hidden the world from them for these many months and years, were removed, their eyes and hearts were flooded with sunshine and light.

We are only sorry that time and space will not permit of writing of morphine patients and many other interesting cases, but suffice it to say that many who thought their cases incurable and who were invalids for years, having found relief in our hospital have gone out and told others and thus our reputation has spread and our work increased, until now we find ourselves unable to cope with the situation and come at this time asking for assistance in the way of another physician.

Especially would we express our thanks to the members of the city church who have so generously given of their time to preach during dispensary hours each day. Every Sunday the names of six church members and the days assigned to each to preach at the hospital, were written on the board at the city church. Not unfrequently, among those names were included those of busy business men, but rarely, if ever, did the one appointed fail to appear and spend hours in personal work among the patients who were waiting for treatment. The number of conversions as a result of this work we shall never know exactly, but as we often find those who say that they first heard the "Jesus doctrine" at the hospital, we are convinced of the great opportunity there of preaching. There is probably no other field or opportunity for evangelistic work which produces as much direct results as work among in-patients. In our short experience in Kang Kei, every patient who was not a believer became a Christian before leaving the hospital. During the past few months here, we have had among our patients those addicted to the morphine habit who came from the highest and richest families in Taiku. By daily contact, preaching, and teaching, we have had converts among this class which might probably never have been reached otherwise. One patien[t] went out and preached to the people and as a result in his town thirty decided to believe. He had them sign their names on paper and present it to the pastor of the church. Twenty of these are known to attend church at this time.

Our evangelistic work this year has not been confined to the hospital. Because of lack of evangelistic workers to care properly for Taiku's country work, and because of the opportunity for practice on the language which country work affords, I was given charge of eight churches in close range of Taiku. During the past months, these churches have been marching rapidly forward and in some respects are reaching the ideal. One year ago, they were giving about 15 sen each per member toward helpers' salaries, now they are giving 43 sen each. One year ago, they had but one helper, now they have two and a half, besides two Bible women where they had only one before. Also during this period they have built three tile roof buildings, one of which is two stores high, as well as making repairs and substituting tile for thatch on several other buildings. The result has been that each helper, having but three or four churches, has been able to organize his work and do it systematically. Thus schools have been more satisfactorily established and supported. Preaching societies, which rent rooms and sell books on market days and exchange preaching with adjacent churches have been organized. Officers of churches in circuits of individual helpers are organized and meet once each month to discuss the work and make reports to the pastor in charge. Thus because of increased interest in these churches, many backsliders have been restored, new believers are being added, and although individual subscriptions have increased two to four times over last year, the raising of money is said by those in charge to be easier than ever before.

The city book room, having become bankrupt several months ago, it became necessary to reorganize and establish it anew. While doing this it was our motive to make the church responsible for, and every member a patron of the book room. To accomplish this, a stock company was formed consisting of every pastor, elder, helper, colporteur and every well-established church in Taiku territory. Any one stock holder was not allowed over three shares. As yet the stock has not been all sold and the new building which is to accommodate the book room has not been built, so we are working in a small rented room, with a limited capital. Our business is progressing nicely, and before the end of this year, we hope to be well established in our new quarters and to have sold to each church its share of stock and thus to have the book room firmly established on a foundation that shall withstand all storms.

【역주】 필자 A. G. 플레처(Archibald G. Fletcher, 별내추/別來秋)=북장로교 의료선교사, 대구 동산병원 사역. 지명: Andong=안동, Taiku=대구, Kyeng Sang=경상도, Chosen=조선, Kang Kei=강계, Pyeng Yang=평양. 'A Decade of God's Work In Taiku'=대구 선교 십년사 소책자. 'white plague'=결핵의 별칭. 'Dr. Johnson'=우드브리지 존슨(Woodbridge O. Johnson, 대구 제중원 설립). 화폐 단위 sen(전)·yen(엔). 1910년대 초 대구 의료선교의 인력난과 자립 책방(서점) 주식회사화 기록.

WOMAN'S BIBLE INSTITUTE, PYENG-YANG.

여자성경학원, 평양

By Miss BEST. (베스트 양)

The work of the Woman's Bible Institute for the year 1911-1912 opened Sept. 19th with the two weeks' class for Sabbath School teachers. This class has been held in the spring hitherto but in order to lighten the spring work it was thought best to hold it in the fall this year and hereafter. Owing to the shortness of the notice given the women of the country churches, and also perhaps to the unseasonable weather, the attendance was not so large as formerly; only 132 women being enrolled.

The regular course of Bible study was taught by Mrs. Mowry, Mrs. Moffett, Mrs. Bernheisel, Pah To Sin and Miss Best. Morning prayers were led by several of the women of the class. Five conferences were held on Sabbath School methods and work. They were,—

1. The importance of the Sabbath School … Miss Best. 2. The Sunday School Teacher's Tools … Miss Best. 3. The Teacher in her preparation … Mrs. Blair. 4. The Teacher as a Shepherd … Mrs. Moffett. 5. Jesus, the ideal Teacher … Mrs. Baird.

There is getting to be a marked difference in these classes between the women who have had a good deal of training and those who have had little and the presence in the classes of the well trained not only helps to make the study more interesting but serves as an incentive or example to the beginners and backward ones.

As many as wished of the women from the country, who comprised about two-thirds of the class, lived in the dormitories, where by cooking their own food, they were able to reduce their expenses.

6.60 yen in fees was recovered from the women and placed to the credit of the Institute Current Expense Account.

The Worker's Normal Training Class for Bible Teachers opened this year Oct. 4th and continued in session until Oct. 18th; eighty-two women were enrolled of whom 62 women are voluntary workers, all of them pledged to hold at least one class during the year in the smaller country churches, and some of them expecting to take part in as many as 5 or 6 classes of a week each in duration. No fees are asked of these women as they give their time and support themselves while studying and receive no remuneration for their teaching.

One division of women prepared to teach Bible catechisms, Mark (Chap. 1-4), Luke (Chap. 1-2), and selected lessons from John's Gospel.

The other or more advanced section prepared on Luke (Chap. 1-2), selected lessons from John's Gospel, the Revelation and First John. After every lesson taught by the regular teachers, a member of the class was called upon to teach the same lesson the next day, when they were criticised and their mistakes were corrected. Some of the women under this training are beginning to teach quite well but they say, and no doubt it is so, that they can do better teaching in the country where they are not confined to half hour periods and where the ignorance and need oftentimes of the women before them make a strong appeal to them to give the best they can. Three thousand copies each of the lessons from John's and Luke's Gospels and 1,500 copies each of the lessons from Revelation and First John were printed in town at a cost of 27 yen. These were given to the women of the class for distribution in the classes they were to teach in the country.

The work of planning for, fixing dates and sending the women of the worker's class to teach classes in the country groups consumes not a little time of the missionaries during the fall and winter months, but the glowing reports that the women often bring back and the enthusiastic letters that come from the leaders of the churches where classes have been held make one feel that it is well worth while.

During April and May and half of June a term of continuous study such as has been held for the past two years, and designed for Christian workers whose home duties and finances permit their spending as much time in study, was held again and attended by 87 women.

There were women this year in all five grades of the course, but owing to lack of teaching force the fourth and fifth grades were combined in one class. This method while not satisfactory enabled us to do the work.

The Bible studies were held in the morning and taught by missionary ladies, and for two periods in the afternoon the women of the higher classes who were under 40 years of age studied Physiology and Hygiene two hours a week and Arithmetic through fractions two hours per week. The two lower classes had lessons in the writing of Unmun two hours per week and the younger women of these classes studied Arithmetic two hours a week.

On June 12th the graduating exercises were held in the Institute for the first class to graduate from the institution. The youngest woman in this class was 42 years of age and the oldest 63. Some of them were not shining lights in the class room by reason of their age, but they were all women well grounded in the Scriptures and with a record to their credit of years of faithful and efficient service as Bible women, church workers, and Sunday School teachers. We hope they may yet be spared many years in the service so dear to them. Dr. Moffett, in the midst of a week thronging with duties, took the time to come and give the address of the occasion. Pastor Kil of Central Church also made an interesting address. Mrs. Holdcroft arranged for the music on the program, which was greatly enjoyed by the audience of missionaries, Theological Seminary students, members of the session of the city churches, the Institute women and friends invited by them.

【역주】 필자 'Miss Best'=마거릿 베스트(Margaret Best, 배귀례), 평양 여자성경학원 교장. 'Mrs. Moffett'·'Dr. Moffett'=마페트(Samuel A. Moffett, 마포삼열) 부부. 'Pastor Kil of Central Church'=평양 장대현교회 길선주(吉善宙) 목사. 'Pah To Sin'=박도신(여성 교사). 'Unmun(諺文)'=언문, 곧 한글. 평양 여자성경학원(현 평양신학교 여성 교육의 모체) 제1회 졸업(1912.6.12) 기록 — 42~63세 만학 졸업생.

A TRIP TO KANGHWA ISLAND.

강화도 여행기

Mrs. C. S. DEMING. (C. S. 데밍 부인)

We planned to take the trip to Kanghwa by river, leaving Seoul early Saturday morning. Mr. Deming had conferences to hold in Kanghwa City the following Monday and had to be back in Seoul for his classes in Seminary Tuesday morning.

Friday night a wind and rain storm came up, and we decided to let Mr. Deming go alone. His baggage was sent off next morning, and as the clouds had lifted, we accompanied him to the river to see him off. When we reached there the children begged to go after all, in spite of the fact that we had no extra clothing or bedding alone. Against my better judgment I decided that we would go, as the weather seemed to have cleared. A favourable wind was blowing, and we made good speed for a time—then the storm broke again with torrents of rain and a wind that blew the waves across and into the front of the boat. The children were terrified and begged to go ashore. Our boat was a small sampan, and they were in the small hole called a cabin. John asked to come to me, and sat cuddled up in my arms. Soon a little voice said, "Mama, may I say a little prayer?" "Yes, John." "But I don't know what to say; you say one for me." A short prayer was offered, after which the small boy remained quiet. After a while he remarked "It would not matter if we were drowned any way, would it mama, we would go straight to Jesus?" Then he nestled into my arms and went to sleep.

By twelve o'clock the boatmen found it impossible to continue, as the wind was against us, and the water very rough. We landed at a small village on the mainland, ate dinner in a little mud house, then started to finish the remaining fifteen miles on foot, our baggage on an ox led by a small boy, and a man accompanying us to carry the two smaller children alternately. Soon after the sun came out and dried us off. The air was invigorating, and the country, most of which was hilly, looked beautiful and green after the storm.

After several miles of walking Ruth and John became tired and both wanted to be carried at once. The ox was a gentle well behaved animal, so a comfortable nest was prepared for Ruth on the load. She thought it great fun. Half way to Kanghwa we had to pass between a number of paddy fields, all full of water after the storm. Walking was difficult on account of the mud. Suddenly in crossing between two paddy fields the ox put his foot through a narrow plank bridge, stumbled, and shot the load over his head. Ruth fell over onto the bundle of bedding which broke the fall, then rolled into a paddy field screaming lustily. Mr. Deming who was just behind got in the way to prevent the ox from backing onto her, and was backed into himself, measuring his length in the paddy field. Then the ox jumped over Ruth, then over Mr. Deming, and bolted. It was a miracle that neither of them were stepped on. When we found that no one was hurt, we could do nothing for some time but laugh. I would have given a good deal for a snapshot of the performance! We soon began to think of clean clothes, and where do you think Mr. Deming's suit case had landed? Right in the paddy field! It had come open, and the contents were scattered all around. The coolie waded about and fished up now a toothbrush, now something which resembled a collar, now the medicine case, and even the razor by itself. Last but not least was the supply of Methodist Disciplines being taken for sale, all of which were soaked with mud and water. Fortunately the bedding had not followed the rest. Ruth continued her journey on a man's back wrapped in a red patchwork quilt, which the only dry garment Mr. Deming had was his overcoat. When the cavalcade was about to start on its journey, his hat was not to be found. Ruth's had sailed away into another paddy field, but had been rescued. After more wading, the lost hat was discovered but the ox had put his foot through it and carried it away as an anklet! Ruth has no further desire for another such ride.

We were very much interested in the approach to Kanghwa. The river is quite narrow, so the ferry in olden times was strongly fortified. On the mainland a great wall climbs a high hill protecting the approach to the ferry. It encloses a valley where a whole army might lie hidden. The wall is pierced by two gates. The river did not have a ripple upon it when we crossed in the ferryboat at sunset, accompanied by a musical, but obstreperous, pig. The island itself is protected by a chain of forts, which together with the wall are falling into decay.

It was quite dark when we reached Kanghwa City, which was a mercy as we did not present a very respectable appearance. A number of the church members had been down to meet us, expecting we would come on the Chemulpo launch, but we missed them by landing in another place. Beds were soon made up for the children on the floor in a little room off the chapel. We ourselves had to borrow some new Korean bedding, and slept on the chapel floor. Next morning Ruth had to appear as a little Korean girl, and wore the costume until we left.

The church building is a very interesting one as it shows its development by addition of rooms. We saw traces of seven such enlargements. About eight hundred people gathered at the Sunday services, in spite of the rain, and at the morning service the Lord's Supper was administered. Eunice the Bible woman was there, one who worthily bears the name of her namesake. She has such a sweet happy face that I for one have hard work to resist the temptation to hug her.

Our mission has 29 churches on Kanghwa Island with 1913 adherents. Five years ago when Mr. Deming first went to the island the people asked for assistance in building a church in Kanghwa city, large enough to hold conferences and Bible classes. They wanted to be able to gather in one centre instead of having a number of consecutive classes in different districts. Mr. Deming promised to ask for money for the church if they would raise a certain sum toward it. In a very few months a delegation arrived from the island with 1,000 yen which they had raised in some extraordinary manner. It was placed in the bank where it still awaits the money promised from America, not yet received. It was very touching at the meeting to see many old men and to hear them after the service anxiously enquiring if the long-waited for church was soon to be built. Some expressed the fear that they might die before seeing their desire accomplished.

Next morning while conferences were being conducted the children and I followed up a stream to some pine woods near by, looking for lilies of the valley. The ground was literally carpeted with them, and we had the experience for the first time of picking them by the hundreds. Ruth in the meantime experienced great difficulties in keeping her Korean clothes on, and decided that her own were more comfortable. After lunch we left for Walgot, calling on Mr. Badcock and Mr. Wilson of the English Church Mission, who were very glad to see some fellow missionaries in spite of our disreputable appearance.

We left Walgot at half past four Monday afternoon, having to wait some time for the tide. The sail home was very pleasant as there was a favourable wind. Our boat was a larger one than before so we felt a little safer in the rough places. We saw several places where there seemed to be no exit. At one time one of the kings of Korea escaping to Kanghwa Island seeing land all around, thought his pilot had purposely misled him, and ordered him executed on the spot. Later finding that he had been mistaken, he had a big monument placed over the man's grave.

We reached Mapo at 2:30 next morning, and had to walk home as the cars were not running, reaching there an hour later. It was fortunate that we arrived then instead of in the day time, otherwise we might have been arrested as tramps. We are looking forward to a longer visit to Kanghwa next time, though we have no desire to go through the same adventures!

【역주】 필자 데밍 부인=대니얼 데밍(Daniel Deming) 목사의 부인. 'Mr. Deming'=감리교 선교사로 협성신학교(Seminary) 강의 담당. 자녀 Ruth·John. 지명: Kanghwa(강화도)·Kanghwa City(강화읍)·Chemulpo(제물포, 인천)·Walgot(월곶, 김포 월곶면)·Mapo(마포). 'English Church Mission'=대한성공회. 'Methodist Disciplines'=감리교 「장정(掌程)」(교리·제도서). 강화도 29개 교회·1,913명 학습교인 통계와 강화읍 교회 신축 모금(1,000엔) 기록.

MEDICAL REPORT OF YENG BYEN HOSPITAL.

영변 병원 의료 보고

By I. M. MILLER, M.D. (I. M. 밀러 의학박사)

The Hospital work grows in interest day by day, bringing to us surprises and unheard—of happenings, to say nothing of the many opportunities of speaking a word here and there for Him, and the many occasions for rejoicing over souls being born again.

Last Summer and Fall were spent in building additional rooms for patients, until we can now accomodate 17 in-patients. The building was only put up for temporary use as we hoped in the near future to have a new Hospital with sufficient support. However news has come from home that no money is forth-coming. We have up to this time raised $1,500.00 which was given with the understanding that it would be used over and above the $7,500.00 asked for in the appropriation, in order that we may have a plant equal to our needs.

Our work is rapidly increasing. The greater the demands the better we must be prepared to handle the situation. At present we are getting patients from 3 mines and soon we understand there is to be a fourth started within 6 miles of Yeng Byen. This will put the Hospital on a self-supporting basis, providing we can give the class of treatment they demand, otherwise it will be supplied them by the starting of a non-Christian Hospital, and thereby we shall miss the opportunity of coming in touch with an additional 10,000 to 20,000 souls each year.

We feel it is not the major portion of our work to cut off limbs, do cataract operations, operate on abdominal tumors or pull teeth, but to spread the Gospel. We look to the time when we can do this ourselves and not have to depend upon Bible-women and evangelists, for we do feel at times that they have a far greater work than ours. We have been trying to get support for a man to travel in the country and distribute tracts, but thus far we have failed, probably because it was not the Lord's plan. Instead, the tracts that have been supplied have been distributed by the Bible-women and Evangelist as they travel from village to village.

Often a person will walk in from a distance of 100 miles or over, to be operated on, or cured of some severe sickness, coming without a cent for food and be compelled to remain from a few days to as long as over 4 months. We cannot turn these people away, so are compelled to use money appropriated for other purposes, that they may remain and be cured. At present we only have one free bed which is supplied by Miss Putterbaugh of North Yakima, Wash. (at $5.00 per mo.) while just at this time we could use five others.

A woman came with her married daughter, who also brought her little one strapped on her back, walking for 75 miles, that she might be operated on. They came as very ignorant people, who had just heard the Gospel message, and of the foreign doctor, in their far off isolated village. When they came I asked if they had funds enough for their food and fire wood; at this they were very much surprised, for they thought food, medicine and all was as free to those who were believers, as the Gospel itself. However we let them feel that anything we had was none too good for them. After the operation the daughter gained rapidly, returning home cured, but not that only, for they were both well grounded in the Truth, having come in daily touch with the Bible-women.

A young man came in one after-noon, after having walked 25 miles, with a castor oil bean in his ear, that having been prescribed by a Korean doctor, as a sure cure for keeping the wind from entering his brain. After he was satisfied that it had completed its work he tried to extract it but failing in this he called the noted Korean doctor again, who, after working at intervals for 4 days, also gave up; then there was nothing left to do but try the foreign doctor and see if he would not have some medicine which would make it come out. One can hardly imagine the state of inflammation and swelling. After several unsuccessful attempts, we put some hot shoe-maker's wax on a small stick and let it adhere to the bean; the rest of the procedure was comparatively easy. After seeing the bean was really out, he was over-joyed, and said he must hurry home to tell father. Words could not express his gratitude and finally it occurred to him that we should be paid for the wonderful operation and inquired what the charges were. Since he was so happy and grateful, I told him he might make the Hospital a present, according as he felt led. This he thought an excellent idea and opening his money bag with quite an air produced 10 sen, handing it to me as though it were $100. Expressing his thanks again and again he started home on the run, leaving us bewildered as to how we could best make use of the munificent sum!

BRANCH DISPENSARY WORK.

October 1st we opened a branch dispensary at San Sung Kol (Ko Sung), 12 miles from Yeng Byen. Since that time I have made weekly trips each Wednesday and sent an Assistant on Saturdays. At first there were only a few patients but now, since they know when to expect us, we have from 10 to 15 each time.

We have started the Evangelistic work here ourselves, sending the Hospital evangelist 4 days each week, preaching Sundays and holding Wednesday night prayer-meetings, besides preaching to those who come for medicine on clinic days. In the beginning one Christian woman moved there, otherwise all were heathen, now one additional Christian family has moved in, and attendances on Sundays and Wednesdays now average 25. Twenty have become Christians, and after careful examination 8 have proven faithful for some time and been permitted to enter on probation. They now have collected for the building of a Church $1.85 as a start.

Sinun, the Bible woman, who is being supported by the Epworth League of the First M.E. Church of Grand Rapids, Mich. has now started to make visits there and is working among the women. Since she is a high-class woman (her father having at one time been governor) she gains ready access to all homes and is a mighty power in preaching Jesus.

During the year we have had small-pox break out in the hospital. We have treated everything from indigestion to beri-beri, including consumption, morphine fiends, typhoid fever, pneumonia and given several doses of 606 with gratifying results.

STATISTICS.

Hospital in-patients during the year, 94. Dispensary patients, first visit, 3,486. Dispensary patients, returns, 4,036. Outside patients visited, 213. Number of individual patients, 3,699. Total treatments given for year, 7,735.

Surgical operations, major, 57. Surgical operations, minor, 110. Earnings of Hospital for year, $793.81. Special gifts, $440.00. From appropriations, $380.00. Bible-women, 2. Evangelists, 2.

Mrs. Miller has rendered valuable assistance in the operating room as first assistant in the more difficult cases. The rest of her time has been occupied in teaching English in the girls' school, conducting a Saturday afternoon Bible study class for about 100 of the children, and directing the work of the two Bible women, besides visiting afternoons in the waiting room and wards, when time permitted.

We are indeed grateful for the assistance that Dr. E. D. Follwell has afforded us, in consultation and advice many times given, while we were trying to become settled in our Medical work here.

During the year the Hospital Bible-woman, Sinun, has visited 400 homes in Yeng Byen, preached every afternoon at the Hospital, and made a few trips to the country. She has not recorded the number of people preached to, but has 117 who desire to become Christians. Her work cannot really be measured by the number of new believers for she is more of a teacher than a preacher. The Hospital Evangelist reports for the year 300 persons who desired to become Christians.

【역주】 필자 I. M. 밀러(Ida M. ... 일부 기록은 남편 의료선교사 부부로 봄; 본문 'Mrs. Miller'와 구분)=영변 제중원(濟衆院) 의료선교사. 지명: Yeng Byen=영변, San Sung Kol(Ko Sung)=산성골(고성, 영변 인근), North Yakima·Wash.=미국 워싱턴주, Grand Rapids·Mich.=미시간주. 'Epworth League'=감리교 엡워스 청년회. '606'=살바르산(매독 치료제). 'Dr. E. D. Follwell'=폴웰(설대위 ... 평양 감리교 병원). 광산 노동자 의료와 영변 자립 교회 형성 기록. 화폐: $=미화 달러, sen=전.

KOREA'S MESSAGE TO THE WORLD.

한국이 세계에 전하는 메시지

CHARLES G. HOUNSHELL. (찰스 G. 하운셸)

The message of some nations is one of brilliant victories won by armies and navies; the message of other nations is one of gigantic commercial achievements; but the message of Korea is one of spiritual victories wrought through faith in God. No chapter in modern history is more thrilling than the chapter written in the last quarter of a century, of Korea's response to the gospel and the consequent spread of the Kingdom of God.

The fact that Korea and her people are known throughout the world is due more to Christian missions than to any other agency. The victory of faith in Korea has been the note that has stirred great missionary conventions in all parts of north America and Great Britain. The reports of marvelous prayer meetings, sweeping revivals and far reaching evangelistic campaigns in Korea have been made everywhere. "Nothing succeeds like success." The phenominal success of mission work in Korea has been cited in all great missionary gatherings to prove that foreign missions are not a failure. Mr. J. Campbell White, although a missionary in India for many years, in his great address before the Chicago Congress of the Laymen's missionary movement, used the triumph of the gospel in Korea as an inspiration for the evangelization of the world in this generation and proved that if churches everywhere were to catch the spirit of Korean Christians and adopt their methods of evangelism that it need be only a few years until every man, woman and child in the world would hear of the Savior.

The Church needs the example of a non-Christian nation evangelized in these modern times. The eyes of the whole church are now upon Korea as the nation that will probably furnish this example.

The International Review of Missions is giving a series of articles on the "Growth of the Church in mission fields." The third number of the series is written by Dr. George Heber Jones on the Church in Korea. In this article he sets forth with remarkable clearness ten characteristics of Korean Christians which have made the church strong. Christians everywhere may learn lessons from Korean Christians on the following points:

1. The Korean church is a Bible studying church. / In one year 600,000 copies of Mark's Gospel were circulated among the Koreans. They study the Bible as they study no other book. In a brief period of missionary activity it is coming to be the best known book in the country and is quoted as authority. The people are hungry for the Word of God. Hundreds of people meet in classes for Bible study. The classes last ten days and then the people go home to teach what they have learned. The Bible is the Korean Christian's daily bread.

2. The Korean church is a praying church. / In an age of doubt when men are too busy to pray, it is of untold value to Christendom to have a church some where that believes in God with an unwavering faith and where 1100 people will meet together in one place for a Wednesday night prayer meeting. One who has attended a Korean prayer meeting, heard them pray and caught the spirit of those prayers can never forget them. They take everything to God in prayer. They are not troubled with many of the doubts that trouble Christians of the West; but with the simplicity of children they ask our Heavenly Father for what they need and God has wonderfully honored their faith. Whole nights of prayer marked the beginnings of the "great revival." Alone in the mountains, at home with the family, and in the church with the congregation and in the sunrise meetings, they pray.

3. The Korean church is a witnessing church. / The Korean Christian overcomes by the word of testimony. He has the witness of the Spirit and does not hesitate to tell it. The outstanding fact of his life is his conversion. He speaks of Christ and his own Christian experience everywhere he goes. This fact explains the rapidity in the growth of the church which now numbers nearly 300,000 souls. Many Koreans give three months of the year to evangelistic campaigns at their own expense. The visiting of every home and the preaching of the gospel to every creature in a large city like Pyeng Yang proves that a whole city can be evangelized. Where ever Koreans have gone to colonize their missionaries have followed them and the church has been established. They are also endeavoring to give the gospel to Japanese and Chinese with their reach.

4. The Korean church is a liberal and self-denying church. / In the midst of luxury and selfishness on the part of many Christian in the world it is refreshing to find a church to whom Paul's description of the churches of Macedonia may be applied: "In a great trial of affliction the abundance of their joy and their deep poverty abounded unto the riches of their liberality." It has been schooled in the principle of self-support from the beginning. The churches are built by the Koreans, native pastors are paid by the local churches and primary schools are supported by local money. The Church comes first with the Korean Christians and in their poverty they often deny themselves of food and clothing that the gospel may be preached. They will mortgage their own homes to lift the mortgage from the church. This principle would soon carry the gospel to the whole world if adopted by Christians of all lands.

5. The Korean church is a church of high moral standards. / Mr. William T. Ellis, the noted Journalist, witnessed the examination of a class of Koreans who had applied for membership in the church. The standard set by that church was so high that Mr. Ellis said. "It is harder to get into the Korean Church than to enter the church at home." Often this question is asked the applicant for church membership. "Have you led a soul to Christ?" If this test were put to Christians in Christian lands how many would be able to stand? Out of wicked surroundings, by repentance and faith with deep contrition of heart and confession of sin a righteous church is raised up in Korea through which God is working mightily.

6. Division of Territory and the occupation of the whole field. / No single fact connected with the proposed plan of world evangelization is more popular than the division of the fields among denominations so that there shall be no waste of forces. The Christians in Korea have done this in such a way as to commend the field to cool-headed business men. The economy of the plan makes its appeal to men who give the money. We have the example in Korea of how all Christians may so co-operate as to occupy the whole field with Christian forces, and how united Christendom may stand against the mighty opposition of the non-Christian world. Korea as a mission field is popular. "Korea in Transition" is one of the most popular mission study books before the public to-day. Churches are contributing money to missions in Korea because they see satisfactory results. Student volunteers are asking to be sent to Korea because the great opportunity for life investment in Korea is attractive to strong men and women.

In her national dejection and hopelessness, Korea has found a friend in Jesus who alone can meet her needs and whose voice is calling: "Come unto me and I will give you rest." / This is Korea's message to the world. CHARLES G. HOUNSHELL.

【역주】 필자 찰스 G. 하운셸(Charles G. Hounshell)=남감리교 선교사. 인용된 'Dr. George Heber Jones'=조지 허버 존스(조원시/趙元時), 한국 선교 연구가. 'J. Campbell White'=평신도선교운동(Laymen's Missionary Movement) 지도자. 'William T. Ellis'=미국 언론인. 'Korea in Transition'=A. J. 브라운 등의 선교 연구서. 성경 인용은 고린도후서 8:2, 마태복음 11:28. 'great revival'=1907년 평양 대부흥. 본문은 존스의 '열 가지 특징' 중 인쇄된 여섯 항목(1-6)만 수록.

TWO KOREAN INCIDENTS.

한국에서의 두 가지 일화

By Miss MATTIE S. TATE. (매티 S. 테이트 양)

I.—THIRTY DOLLARS' WORTH.

As I sit in this little straw-roofed house, with its mud wall and floor and paper window waiting for the time to go to church, a vision of our hard worked doctor comes to me as he looked one day when he came to discuss some business and at the close said, "I certainly was gratified at the conduct of one of the Christian men living inside the west gate, with regard to a young girl who is one mass of sores. The child was a servant in a family and when she got in the shape she now is (I wish you could see her) they cast her off. This Christian brought her to me at the hospital saying he would be responsible for her keep to the extent of six yen (which equals to them what $30 would be to us), giving me one yen as a starter. It certainly does me good for one of the native Christians to do this for it is what I have hopes for." I said "why don't you write it up for one of the home papers?" "Oh, I have not time, you do it. You know that child is so offensive I have had to put her out in a room by herself, for I could not ask any one to stay in the same room with her. I am going to try that new medicine on her; it is very expensive, but she is worth it." And so he goes on his way.

I wonder how many of the Christians at home would be willing to spend $30 to help save a sin-sick, polluted one for whom Christ died. Many would not be willing to have such an one stay in the same house with their loved ones for fear of the defilement of sin, but our missionary children have to be raised very near such defilement all the time. Have you not as much desire to save souls as this Korean brother has to save a little sick sister? Later—docter reports that the medicine works like a charm and he is just waiting to see how far that one treatment will take her before he starts the second.

II.—GLAD'S MOTHER.

Last year, from over high mountain passes with her year-and-a-half baby on her back accompanied by her husband with her month's rice on his back, came Glad's mother for a month of Bible study. Glad was so good she was a joy to us all. Her father put the rice down and started on his seventy miles lonely tramp home where the grandmother was keeping the older daughter. Right well did Glad's mother improve her time, for it was her first long study or attendance at any school in all her life and many and rich were the lessons she learned. At the close of the month's Bible school Glad's father came again for them. Since then I have received a letter from Glad's mother and she is so happy! On my return from my last trip to the country one of my Bible women told me that Glad's mother heard over and over in her innermost heart the words "Present it to God, present it to God," and for a time she was much troubled as to what "it" meant; then she began to think of the time when they came to Tolmok carrying all they had in their hands. Now they had rice and other fields. That must be what the Lord meant, for they were His gift, so they decided to present the fields to the Lord and farm them for Him, giving to Him half of what they raised, just as they would do to a Korean from whom they might rent. Was it not a beautiful thing for them to do? Was it not a grand lesson for her to learn?

【역주】 필자 매티 S. 테이트(Mattie Samuel Tate, 최마태)=남장로교 여선교사, 전주(全州) 지역 사역(오빠 Lewis B. Tate와 함께 전북 개척). 'west gate'=서대문. 화폐 환산: 6엔 ≈ 미화 30달러(현지 체감). 'Tolmok(돌목)'=전북 지역 소촌(村)으로 추정. 자기 토지의 소출 절반을 하나님께 바치기로 한 '하나님 밭(神田)' 헌신 사례 기록.

THE FIRST KOREAN TYPEWRITER.

최초의 한글 타자기

FROM "THE INLAND STATIONER." (「인랜드 스테이셔너」지에서)

Among the many signs of progress in things Korean is the announcement that for the first time in history a typewriter has been built to write the Korean language. This machine, the first models of which have just been completed at the Smith Premier Works at Syracuse, is a curiosity among writing machines, and its completion required the assistance of native Korean talent.

Unlike the Chinese and Japanese languages, the Korean language has an alphabet which was invented by the great King Sei-jong about five hundred years ago. It was built upon purely phonetic principles, and, being made complete at one time, is free from the inconsistencies resulting from the gradual evolution of an alphabet or the adaptation of the alphabet of one people to the speech of another. Korean is based upon one of the simplest yet most perfect linguistic system known. The Korean alphabet proper consists of twenty-five letters: eleven vowels and fourteen consonants. From these twenty-five letters nearly five thousand different sounds can be evolved. The whole system of Korean writing is made from the combination of three elements: one line, one dot and one circle.

The fact that the Korean alphabet is composed of just twenty-five characters seems to make the problem simple from the standpoint of the typewriter maker. But there are other practical difficulties. Each of these letters has two or three different positions, and enough other characters are used to overcrowd the keyboard of the average machine. All these difficulties, however, have been surmounted in the Smith Premier Works, and the Korean typewriter is now a fact.

Of the eighty-four keys of this typewriter seventy-two are Korean letters, eight are numerals and four bear miscellaneous signs. Forty-six of these keys are "dead," which means they do not space when struck, and this leaves only thirty-eight "live" keys on the entire keyboard—certainly a strange and unusual typewriter compared with those in common domestic use. Four thousand six hundred and twenty-seven different syllabic combinations have been actually written from the seventy-two characters of the Korean machine. The significant fact about this typewriter is that it has been built in response to a strong Korean demand, and so far as the writing machine is concerned Korea is now ahead not only of China but of Japan, for neither the Chinese nor the Japanese languages have yet been conquered by this latter-day time-saver. / FROM "THE INLAND STATIONER."

【역주】 재인용 출처 'The Inland Stationer'=미국 문구·인쇄 업계지. 'Smith Premier Works at Syracuse'=뉴욕주 시러큐스의 스미스 프리미어 타자기 공장. 'King Sei-jong'=세종대왕(훈민정음 창제, 1443/1446). 본문의 한글 자모 25자(모음 11·자음 14)와 84키·72자모 설계 설명은 초창기 한글 타자기 역사의 1차 사료. '데드 키' 방식은 자모 조합형 타자기의 특징.

APPENDIX: PLACE-NAME COORDINATES

부록: 지명 좌표표 (지도·DB 구축용)

본 호(1912년 10월)에 언급된 지명을 추출하여 현대 지명·위도·경도와 함께 정리하였다. 위경도는 지도(카카오맵·구글맵 등) 표시 및 공간 데이터베이스 축적을 위한 것으로, 마을 단위 소지명은 근사 좌표(approx.)이다. 출처 기사는 약칭으로 표기한다.

**총 38개 지명. **한반도 내 지명은 카카오맵/구글맵 좌표 기준 근사값이며, 마을 단위(산성골·월곶 등) 및 광역(만주)은 별도 표기. 본 표는 공간 데이터베이스 누적 및 지도 시각화(空間의 意味 부여)를 위한 기초 자료이다.